THE AMERICAN FAUNA AND ITS ORIGIN. 
213 
The Arctodactylae or even-toed ungulates were also abundant 
in America in Tertiary times, although there are now but few 
indigenous species. Remains of Suidse, swine, represented at 
present only by the Peccaries, are numerous in Pliocene and 
Miocene deposits. Hyopotamus is from the Miocene of Dakota, 
Delawar, and Colorado, and Motherium (placed by Marsh in a, new 
order, Tillodontia), and three other genera are from the Miocene 
of Oregon and the Eocene of Wyoming and New Mexico. The 
remarkable family Camelidse which has now only two genera in 
the Old World and one genus in the New World, had in 
the Tertiary period five genera in America of which one, 
Pcebrotherium, combined resemblances to the Old World camel 
and the New World llama. The Bovidae which now has in 
America only the bison and the bighorn sheep as indigenous 
animals, had in Tertiary times seven genera, one, Agriocharus, 
going back to the Eocene. The two well-known genera, 
Palceotherium and Anoplotherium, that Cuvier made famous by 
his descriptions of the mammalian fossils of the Upper Eocene 
of the Paris Basin, are in the Eocene of the Pampas of 
Argentina in South America, and furnish another link con- 
necting the American Tertiary fauna with that of Europe.* 
The Proboscidea are now quite absent from America, but in 
the Post Pliocene and Pliocene of North America there are two 
species of elephants and two species of mastodons, and in the 
Newer Pliocene one species of each genus, while in South 
America there is a species of Mcistadon in the Brazilian cave 
deposits and another in Andean beds. 
The extensive order Rodentia was, as it is at present, well 
represented in America, and the remains of members of the 
family Muridse give in Pliocene, Miocene and Eocene beds, 
several extinct as well as recent genera. Species of twenty 
genera representing six families of Rodentia have been 
described from the Santa Cruz beds of Patagonia by Professor 
Scott of Princetown University. 
Eossil Edentata are very important. Those from the Qua- 
ternary deposits of the Brazilian caves and the Pleistocene and 
Pliocene beds of Argentina, Patagonia and Paraguay, are well 
known. These edentates are of great size, and include the 
gigantic Megatherium, Mylodon, Scelidotherium, Megalonyx , 
Glossotherium, and the great armadillo, Glyptodon. Mr. 
* Dr. Smith Woodward informs me that this is an error ; and that the 
jaws thus originally named by Oscar Schmidt belong to the genus 
Proterotheriidce. — Ed. 
