ARABIAN AND PERSIAN ADMIXTURE IN THE INCA LANGUAGE, ETC. 241 
On coming of age, ancl leaving Oxford, I took the earliest 
opportunity of visiting Australia and New Zealand, where I 
became a corresponding member of the Polynesian Society, and 
at once armed myself with the Polynesian Liddell and Scott’s 
Lexicon, The Comparative Maori Dictionary , in the pages of 
which by the labours of my friend and fellow-worker, Mr. E. 
Tregear, of Wellington, legion-like hosts of closely-related words 
stand side by side in serried ranks. 
To make sure of my foundation I plunged with all speed into 
the study of these Polynesian dialects, beginning with the 
Samoan, which with all its vowel-sweetness deserves to be called 
the Italian of the South Seas. 
Thence, by an easy transition, I passed to the Maori of New 
Zealand, the soft Tahitian, the queer Paumotan, the fearfully 
abraded and moribund dialect of the Marquesas, and the quaint 
diphthong-haunted language of the Caroline Islands and other 
rugged and harsh sounding tongues of Micronesia ; the half-way 
houses between that vast busy hive of population the Malay 
Archipelago, and the further islands of the Pacific lying under 
the sunrise. The two last of these South Sea languages that I 
succeeded in conquering, tabulating, bringing into the domain 
of Comparative Philology, and forcing to yield up some of their 
secrets, were (1) the dialect of the Gilbert or Line Islands, and 
(2) that of Earotonga, an island in the newly-annexed Cook or 
Harvey Group which Lord Kanfurly, then Governor of New 
Zealand, at the earnest desire of the natives and at the urgent 
representation of myself and other travellers and students, has 
now brought safely under the aegis of the Union Jack. 
There I have taken many important key-words from these 
languages and have compared them with their equivalents in the 
two principal languages of Peru, the Inca,* Iveshua or language of 
* Before I go any further I must explain the terms Inca , Runa, 
Runa-Simi, Keshua and Aymara. The word Inca means a Prince of the 
Blood Royal or reigning house and is cognate with Javanese unka, a chief. 
Runa is the collective name of the upper class of the Peruvian nation, 
the men or warriors ; it is cognate with the Mortlock word, Ro, Ron, a 
man, and with the Hindu Dron, which means a warrior. Simi means 
mouth , also speech, dialect, and is the Malay Simut, Sumut, the mouth, 
and possibly is akin to the Persian Sima, face. Keshua — of noble birth, 
princely descent. Arabic, Khass. Polynesian, Kese, Ese, wonderful, 
extraordinary. Japanese Kassi, Kesi, polite, elegant, beautiful. Aymara 
is the Arabic Aima-dar , a man who holds Aima-land , a feoffee vassal like 
the peasantry of India, Java and Hawaii, who hold lands like William the 
Conqueror’s tenant farmer Vavasour by the feudal system of tenure 
under military service and public works. 
