12 Gen. Sub. 
GENERAL SUBJECTS. 
external factors making for variations are almost eliminated ; therefore 
“ a very wide range of variation in form and sculpture within the specific 
limits of the ‘flexible ’ species,” and great uniformity of the inflexible. 
°Danilewsky, A. J. Forces organoplastiques des organismes. Khar- 
kof : 1886, p. 41. 
Daueste, C. Nouvelles recherches sur la production de monstruosites dans 
l’ceuf de la poule, par une modification du germe anterieure a, la mise 
en incubation. C.R. ciii, pp. 355 & 356 ; J. R. Micr. Soc. vi, 
p. 939. 
Monstrosities in development of chick due to that individuality which 
plays so important a part in teratology. 
^Dusing, C. Ein neues Gesetz der Variation. Kosmos (1885), ii, 
p. 142. 
Eimer, T. Streifung der Thiere. Biol. Centralbl. vi, pp. 285 & 286 ; 
Ber. Vers. Naturf. Strassburg (1885). 
In relation to markings of animals emphasizes the origin of species 
from constitutional causes, without any primary relation to utility. 
^Frivaldszky, — . Difformitates et monstrositates Coleopterorum. 
Term, fiizetek. 8 col. figs. ; Ung. Nat. Mus. Budapest, x heft. 
Must be taken as t} r pe of numerous observations on variations of 
Insecta (q.v.). 
Galton, F. Origin of Varieties. Nature, xxxiii, pp. 395 & 396. 
“ Each incipient variety is probably rounded off from among the parent 
stock by means of peculiarities of sexual instinct.” 
Gautier, A. Du Mecanisme de la variation des etres vivants. Hom- 
mage a M. Chevreul. Paris : Alcan pp. 29-52. 
Variation and heredity discussed from a chemical point of view. 
“ The force which maintains the species, and gives it its character of 
constancy and resistance, in a word, its atavistic force, seems to be 
nothing more than the resultant of the forces which maintain the 
chemical species of which the organism is composed. The condition of 
varietion, or of individualisation, is, on the contrary, the more or less 
marked facility which these essential specific molecules possess of vary- 
ing slightly in annexing different secondary radicals. The stability of 
the general molecular type, the instability of the secondary variations 
which it may exhibit, explain at once the condition and the power of 
‘ atavism,’ and the nature and instability of variations.” 
' *Gratacap, L. P. Zoic Maxima, or Periods of Numerical Variations in 
Animals. Am. Nat. xx, pp. 1009-1016. 
Pfjtzner, W. [See Cell.] Pathological variations of nuclei. 
Roule, L. Sur quelques variations individuelles de structure des 
organes chez les Ascidies simple. C.R. cii, pp. 831-833. 
A character (mode of opening of excretory canal) accidental in some 
individuals, persistent and characteristic of other species and genera. 
