SPECIAL SUBJECTS. 
Gen. Sub. 19 
(c.) SPECIAL SUBJECTS. 
I . Protoplasm* 
Berthold, G. Studien uber Protoplasma-mechanik. Leipzig : Felix, 
8vo, 332 pp., 7 pis. 
Structure and physiology of protoplasm, with special reference to 
vegetable cells. 
°Butsciili, 0. Kleine Beitrage zur Kenntniss einiger mariner Rhizo- 
poden. Morph. JB. xi, pp. 78-101, 2 pis. 
Confirmation of his opinion that the protoplasmic structure is really not 
reticulate, but honeycombed. 
Carnoy, J. B. [See Cell.] Summary, La Cellule, iii, fasc. 1, p. 90. 
. °Degagny, C. Synthese de la matiere organisee vivante ; formation des 
protoplasmes, a partir d’une matiere azotee soluble et des hydrates de 
carbone. C.R. cii, p. 718. 
^Flaum, M. Les problemes de la vie et les recherches chimiques. 
Wszechswiat, No. 14. 
Fuchs, R. Mikromechanische Skizzen. Kosmos, xviii, pp. 183-199, 
285-302, & 416-441. 
Inquiry into the molecular dynamics of protoplasm, with special 
emphasis on the contraction and expansion of the surfaces of contact 
between two soft bodies, and application of results to structure of proto- 
plasm, contractility of muscle, nutrition of amoebae, movement of Myxo- 
'mycetes, movement of Psoudopodia, motion of Diatoms, circulation of 
protoplasm, and motion of cilia. The protoplasm oxhibits a stato of 
hunger and a state of satiety ; adhesion towards an external body 
increases with the hunger of the protoplasm and the nutritive content of 
the external body ; different protoplasms exhibit reduced adhesion. 
Geddes, P. Theory of Growth, Reproduction, Sex, and Heredity. 
P. R. Soc. Edinb. pp. 911-931. 
These problems discussed in terms of anabolism and katabolism of 
protoplasm. 
°Hanstein, J. v. Das Protoplasma als Trager der pflanzlichen uud 
thierischen Lebensvorrichtungen. Heidelberg : Winter, 8vo, 2nd 
Ausg., 187 pp. 
Kolliker, A. [See Heredity.] Structure of the Idioplasm. 
Loew, O. On a Chemical Difference between Living and Dead Proto- 
plasm. Rep. Brit. Ass. (1885), pp. 1075-1077. 
The albumen of the living protoplasm contains aldehyd groups, which 
are lost in the albumen of the dead protoplasm by atomic displacement. 
These aldehyd groups demonstrated by action upon alkaline silver 
solution. 
* See also Cell, Oogenesis, Protozoa, and histological papers under separate 
headings. 
