16 Mamm. 
MAMMALIA. 
139. *G ruber, W. Monographie iiber der Musculus extensor digiti 
indicis proprius und seine Yarietaten bei dem Mensehen und bei 
den Saugethieren, in Gruber’s Beobacht. aus d. Menschl. u. vergl. 
Anat., 6 Heft, pp. 1-69, taf. i. 
140. Guillemard, F. H. H. The Cruise of the ‘ Marchesa ’ to Kams- 
chatka and New Guinea. London : 1886, 8vo, 2 vols. 
Notes on various Mammals seen and collected during the voyage ; 
among others — Sable, i. p. 119 ; Fur Seal, i, p. 201 ; Bighorn ( Ovis nivi- 
cola ) i, p. 214 ; Tarsius spectrum , ii, p. 184 ; fiabirusa, ii, p. 204 ; Anoa , 
ii, p. 211 ; and Proechidna bruijni , ii, p. 317. 
141. Guldberg, G. A. Om subfossile og forhistoriske Knokkelfund 
af pattedyr i Norge. N. Mag. Naturv. xxx, pp. 76-80. 
Notes on some Whale remains, belonging apparently to several diffe- 
rent species. 
142. . Zur Biologie der nordatlantischen Finwalarten. Zool. JB. ii, 
pp. 127-174. 
Contains details on the breediug o£ Whales : one young one alone is 
produced at a birth ; the new-born Whale is about one-third to one-fourth 
the length of its mother ; the youug animal is at birth well developed, 
and able to take care of itself. For the species worked at, see Cetacea. 
143. Gunther, A. Second Note on the Melanotic Variety of the South 
African Leopard. P. Z. S. 1 886, pp. 203-205. 
Contains a letter from Mr. Abraham, of Graham’s Town, S.A., de- 
cribing a melanotic Leopard’s skin, and enclosing a photograph, which is 
reproduced (p. 204). 
144. Haacke, W. Ueber den Brutbeutel der Echidna. Zool. Auz. ix, 
p. 471. 
The author confirms his previous statement that the young Echidna , 
after being hatched, remains for a considerable period in the pouch of 
the mother. 
145. . Der Nordpol als Schopfungszentrum der Landfauna. Biol. 
Centralbl. vi, pp. 363-370. 
The author adduces as proof of his thesis, the retreat of all the older 
forms of life to the southern ends of the great continents, i.e., South 
America, Australia, and Madagascar. 
146. ^Halperine, E. De Porigine des Mammifkres. Morlaix : 1886, 
8vo, pp. 1-4. 
147. Harting, J. E. Beavers and their Ways. Zool. (3) x, pp. 265-286. 
Notes on the history of Beavers, and on their habits and distribution. 
148. . On the Former Occurrence of the Wild Boar in Bucking- 
hamshire. T. c. pp. 345-354 
The former existence of the Wild Boar at Chetwode is proved by the 
survival of a curious tax, or toll, known as the Rhyne Toll. This was 
granted to an ancient Lord of the Manor of Chetwode for slaying a Wild 
Boar which had devastated the neighbourhood. 
