28 Mali. 
MOLLUSCA. 
Statuts ile la Soci6t<§ royale Malacologique. 2 me £dit. Brussels : 8vo, 
15 pp. 
Martini & Chemnitz’s System atisches Conchylien-Cabinet, edited by 
Kobelt, has completed its 344th fascicule ; for details see p. 17, antea. 
P. Fischer’s Manuel do Conchyliologie is continued as far as p. 1008, 
completing the family AEtheriida;. 
Tryon has completed vol. viii and vol. ii of the two series of his 
Manual. 
Kobelt (15) continues his edition of Rossmassler’s “ Iconographie,” 
and also (16) his illustrations of European marine Mollusca. 
Sowerby’s (1) Thesaurus has reached the end of the genus Turbo. 
Kobelt & Schiemenz, Zoologischer Jahresberieht fur 1885, iii Abth. 
Mollusca , Brachiopoda. Berlin : 8vo, 139 pp. 
Martens, E. von, Bericht liber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte 
der Mollusken wahrend des Jahres 1884. Arch. f. Nat. Ii, pp. 1-94. 
Copious bibliography of writers on the Mollusca of France is given by 
Locard, (1) pp. 605-701. 
Bibliography of writers on Mollusca of Aberdeen ; see Coates (p. 6, 
antea). 
Ward’s catalogue forms a compact systematic handbook. 
Anatomy and Physiology. 
The primitive Cephalopoda are held to have resembled Dentalium . 
(1.) The arms are not the anterior portion of the foot ; the portion of 
the sub-oesophageal mass from which they are innervated,. though appa- 
rently pedal, is really cerebral ; and many nerve fibres supplying the 
arms pass through the lateral commissures into the cerebral ganglia. 
The arms are compared with the tentacles of Nautilus and the cephalo- 
cones of Clione. (2) In Pneumonoderma , though the arms develop at a 
distance from the head, they are still innervated from the cerebral 
ganglia, and they are not ctenidia because of their position at the sides 
of the mouth. (3) A detailed comparison is drawu between the disposi- 
tion of the various organs in Dentalium,. Nautilus, and Sepia. Cephalo- 
poda are not regarded as having been derived f rom Pteropods ; Grob- 
ben (1). 
The nervous system is described in detail in many Pteropoda. They 
have an asymmetrical visceral commissure, which recalls that of certain 
Gastropoda , and various stages in its modifications are exhibited by parallel 
instances in the two groups. The pleural ganglia are paired, not un- 
paired, as stated by v. Jhering ; .the buccal appendages are innervated by 
the cerebral ganglia, and thus are not homologous with the arms of the 
Cephalopoda. Spengel was correct in regarding the Pteropoda as euthy- 
neurous ; Pelseneer (5). 
Detailed resume of anatomy of Pteropoda ; see Boas (2), preliminary 
account, id. (1). 
The position of the naked Molluscs in the various families of Pulmo- 
nates is discussed by Furtado (2). 
Geomalcus resembles Arion in most respects, but the penis instead of 
