ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Moll . 29 
being formed from the oviduct is the modified stem of the bladder; 
possibly also the renal aperture is separated widely from the anus ; 
S I M ItOTlI (6). 
Peltclla , anatomy of ; Jii bring (1). 
An account of the anatomy of his genus Govia is given by Trinchese. 
The anatomy of Fissiirella is exhaustively treated by Boutan ; the 
points of novelty have been already published in preliminary notices 
(see Zool.' Rec. xxii, Moll. pp. 3, 20, 34, & 39), and an abstract of the 
paper is supplied by the author, from which the following remarks as to 
the relation of this to other forms are taken : Fissiirella in its larval con- 
dition presents resemblances to Rimala and Emarginula , and possibly 
to Parmophorus , Haliotis, and Trochus. Parmophorus is an Emargi- 
nula in which the slit remains as a simple notch, while in Haliotis it is 
closed at intervals. Fissurella differs from this last in the presence of 
four salivary glands, the absence of two superior oesophageal pouches and 
of a spiral caecum, and in the position of the anus ; also in the absence of 
the left organ of Bojanus. The nervous systems of Parmophorus and 
Emarginula form two terms intermediate between Haliotis aud Fissu- 
rella ; in the latter the coalescence of the pedal and asymmetric centres 
is most complete. Fissurella in the larval stato is a true Gastropod ; it 
has a spiral shell, which directly develops into the straight shell of the 
adult ; the larva is asymmetrical, and the symmetry of the adult is a 
coutinual masking of this ; the nervous system admits of being referred 
to the normal type. Fissurella and its allies must not be regarded as 
primitive Gastropods, as by v. Jhering aud Spengel. 
The auatomy of the Marseniadee in genoral, and of three new 
species, is treated by Bergh (1, 2). A detailed account is given of the 
anatomy of Chelyonotus sempcri , Bgb., and C. tonganus, Q. & G., var. 
berghi ; Bergh, (5) pp. 193-225. 
On the basis of anatomical examination the Ptenoglussa are uuited 
with the Tivnioglossa, their relationship being indicated by the genus 
Torinia , from which their radula may be derived by atrophy of the 
median tooth and multiplication of the lateral teeth. The Solaridce are 
placed as a highly organised group among the dialyneurus forms ; the 
Scalaridce above them, or near the Turritellidce if they should prove to 
be zygoneurous ; the Ianthinidte above the Vermetidce among the zygo- 
neurous forms ; Buuvier (10). 
Xenophora cavalieri has a moderately developed non-pro tractile pro- 
boscis, long tentacles, with sub-basal eyes, and a long curved gill ; the 
genital passage is separated from the rectum, and the genital outlet from 
the anus ; the nervous system is chiastoneurous and zygoneurous. Gilg- 
ptrcea is also chiastoneurous and zygoneurous, but has a cephalic penis ; 
Bouvier (8). 
An examination of the general structure of Solarium trochlearc and 
Janthina globosa, and of the nervous system in particular, leads to the 
result that these genera cannot be placed in close relationship to each 
other, as was done by Troschel, on account of the dentition ; Bouvier 
(9). 
The examination of Turbo setosus has on the whole confirmed Soule- 
