46 Moll. 
MOLLUSCA. 
plains and in the north ; 5, the full development of a red and black 
covering takes place only in the Southern Alps ; Simroth (7). 
Simroth (8) calls attention to a case in which the black pigment is 
lacking in Paluilina vivipara , even in the eyes, the red pigment being 
strongly developed. 
Black specimens, supposed to be Avion empiric ovum , from Spain, would 
seem exceptional to the rule that this species is black in the north, red in 
the south ; they appear, however, to be a distinct, though allied, species ; 
Simroth (3). 
Limax arborum has been observed spotted with black on the plains, 
but of normal colouration on the hills ; Cockerell (13). 
Avion ater (young) change colour according to their surroundings; 
Huberts (4) ; sec also Cockerell (10). 
Anodonta muta bills, colour of gills a varietal character ; Sctiliciiter. 
Variations in colour in confinement ; Collinge. 
Many described varieties of Avion flavus due to varying states of con- 
traction ; Simroth, (1) p. 17. 
Numerous varieties due to isolation on an islaud, as observed in the 
Rhone, are discussed by Perroud. 
Saunders agrees with Cunningham that left (convex) valve of Oysters 
is usually uppermost [see Zool. Rec. xxii, Moll. p. 42] ; and explains 
differences of opinion by a detachment of the Oyster during its first or 
second year, and subsequent fixation in an inverted position. 
List of 50 Gastropoda and 34 Pelecypoda which form food of fishes ; 
Ingersoll, pp. 693 & 703. 
Several Mollusca obtained from herrings' stomachs ; Brook & Calder- 
wood. 24 species recorded from the haddock, Brook (1) ; 12 from the 
cod, id. (2). 
Notes on a few common species in aquaria ; Waters. 
Certes (1, 2) claims for Puys6gur, 1880, priority in discovering all im- 
portant points regarding the green oysters. See also Ryder (l),pp. 735-742. 
A snail weighing 4 oz. can drag up vertically a weight of 2£ oz., another 
weighing | oz. could drag 17 oz. horizontally ; Sandeord. 
Specimens of Nassa obsoleta survived a year's exposure to a heated 
wall surface ; Heilprin. 
Testacella is driven out of the soil when it is sodden with moisture, 
and becomes encysted when the soil is dry ; Poulton. 
Helix arbustorum more abundant in mild dry evenings, H. nemovalis 
after rain ; Scott, p. 78. 
Teredo nausitoria reputed to live in the river Comer in perfectly fresh 
water ; Gardner. 
Conch (Fulgur caricu) feeds upon oysters by crushing the shells; 
Ingersoll, p. 695. 
Urosalpinx cinerea and other forms drill holes in the shell ; mode of 
attack by star-fish described ; Tarr. 
Oysters preyed on by Sabellaria «m/0aWs,VERRiLL, in Report of Commis- 
sioners, vide p. 27, antea. 
Limncea stagnalis devours sticklebacks ; Ullyett. 
Squids attacking herring. Rep. Fish. Scot, iii, App. F, p. 67. 
