ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Moll. 47 
Thccosome Pteropoda live on minute pelagic organisms, captured by 
ciliary action ; lists of couteuts of their alimentary canals giveu by Boas, 
(2) p. 33. 
Gymnosomata are rapacious, and fragments of Thecosomata have been 
found in their stomachs ; id. t. c. p. 147. 
Concholepas and S tylina parasitic on Linclda multiformis ; Sarasin. 
Several Mollusks, inter alia Mytilus edulis and Tellina baltica, found 
in stomach and excrement of Phoca annellata ; Nehring. Others in 
stomach of turtles ; Pouch et & de Guerne. 
Numerous Mollusks, both marine and land and freshwater, mentioned 
as occurring in the stomachs of gulls ; Egers. 
Meleagrina margaritifera infested by a variety of Mollusca and An- 
nelida. A specimen of Pinnotheres has been found entirely embedded in 
the nacre ; Woodward. 
A specimen of Fierasfer was found embedded in the shell of Margari- 
tina margaritifera , the process having been completed before any decay 
took place ; Gunther. 
Erosion of shells of Planorbis attributed to deficiency of calcium 
carbonate in the water ; Siirubsole. 
Mode of swimming of Argonauta ; Benedict. 
Eggs of Anodonta carried about by a small fish ; “ F. G. S.” 
Sphcerium , sp., carried about by Frogs ; Cockerell (17). 
Planorbis corneus favoured the growth of Ouvirandra fenestralisj 
Thouars, by eating an Alga which was growing on its leaves ; Merkel. 
7 new species (1 new genus) described from specimens in amber, by 
Klebs (2), with indication of nearest living species and its habitat. 
12. Abnormalities. 
Galyptrcea spirata is a monstrosity of C. chinensis , due to its living in 
soft mud, where the only basis of support is Turritella communis ; 
this reaches only a breadth of 12 mm., so that the Calyptrcea is limited 
to these dimensions ; when free it attains twice the diameter; Kobelt (9). 
Abnormal Anodonta piscinalis ; Kobelt (17), p. 99, pi. vii, fig. 1, 
Helix hispida (adherent tentacles) ; Roberts (6). Planorbis vortex ; 
Wotton (3). 
Gulnaria peregra, monstrous forms observed by Esmarck & Hoyer, 
p. 112, pi. vi, figs. 10-15. See also Cockerell (7) ; Williams (4). 
Modes of Collecting and Preserving. - 
Collecting Mollusks in North Africa is treated by Kobelt (5) ; cal- 
careous rocks are the most frequented, and holes and chinks must be care- 
fully examined. 
Collecting and preserving of Mollusca ; Moseley, 
Preservation of Mollusca in alum ; Noll, p. 32. 
Mollusks killed in water with 1 p.c. alcohol, air being excluded ; after 
12 to 24 hours, more alcohol is gradually added ; Fiekert. 
See also Gray & Woodward. 
