TITLES. 
Ins. 49 
spines, various points in connection with these being discussed at length. 
Some considerations in reference to the classification of the family are 
offered, and also as to the phylogeny of the larvae and pupae and the rela- 
tions of the various stages of the larvae and of the larvae and pupae to 
oue another. In an appendix, the primary setae of other families of 
Lepidoptera , the spines of the Scilurniidcv , and the caudal horn of Sphin- 
gidce are treated of ; this latter he considers to be a remnant of a former 
larger development of the spines, homologous therefore with the dorsal 
spines of Saturniidce. Finally, he recognizes three kinds of genesis 
for the spiny appendages of Caterpillars. The plates represent 
larvae and pupae, and details of their appendages, the cephalic horns 
being freely exhibited. ["For note on this memoir, vide Ent. Nachr. xii, 
pp. 346-348.] 
476. x . Schutzvorrichtungen bei nymphalidenraupen. Kosmos, xix, 
pp. 351-361. ' / 
He first arranges the various kinds of protection of animals in two 
divisions, and then distinguishes different classes of his two groups. He 
gives numerous general statements as to the peculiarities of the larvae in 
many genera of Nymphalidce , and the various ways in which they offer 
protection. He states briefly his views as to their phylogeny (p. 357), 
and remarks on the peculiarities of coloration of the larvae in some other 
families of diurnal Lepidoptera , particularly Ilesperidce , and considers the 
question how a change in the means of protection may be possible ; he 
thinks it may be because no mode of protection is perfect. 
477. . Beobachtungen an Wanderameisen ( Eciton hamatum , Fabr.). 
Op. cit. xviii, pp. 81-93. \_Hymenoptera.~\ 
Describes a migration of the Eciton to a new nest, and also gives cir- 
cumstances supporting the idea that Labidus is the male of Eciton. 
478. . Ueber die Gewohnheiten einiger Oncideres- Arten. Op. cit. 
xix, pp. 36-38. [ Coleoptera .] 
Brief account of the habits of 3 Brazilian species of this Ceramhjcid • 
genus. 
479. Nassonow, — . Welche Iusekten-Organe diirften homolog den 
Segmental-Organen der Wiirmer zu halten sein ? Biol. Centralbl. vi, 
pp. 458-462, woodcut. 
He concludes that the vasa deferentia of the male sexual organs and 
the thoracic salivary glands of insects are the homologues of the seg- 
mental organs of worms. 
480. Neuiiaus, G. H. Diptera Marchica. Systematisches Yerzeichniss 
der Zweiflugler der Mark Brandenburg mit Kurzer Beschreibung 
und analytischen Bestimmuugs-Tabellen. Berlin : 1886, pp. xvi & 
371, pis. vi. 
The nature of this handbook is explained by the title ; the plates give 
the neuration of the different groups. [Reviewed Deutsche e. Z, xxx, 
pp. 445 & 446, and Wien. ent. Z. v, p. 286.] 
