Lycopodium .] 
FERNS. 
73 
yellowish, and terminal. Scales much larger and wider than the 
leaves, and deeply toothed, spreading widely on account of the very 
large capsules. 
This plant shows very well the two sorts of capsules ; those in the lower part 
being what in the Introduction are called spores, while the upper capsules 
contain only a fine powdery mass, considered pollen by some authors, and 
abortive seeds by others. Mr. T. G. Iiylands, alluding to some specimens gathered 
on Seaforth Common, near Liverpool, says truly, “that plants of this species 
are of a brighter color than the rest, and that when growing they appear to 
form small thick tufts about an inch in height and diameter.’’ 
Sit. — On mountain sides, and in moist alpine situations. 
Had. — Hoy Hill, Orkney, Rev. C. Clouston. Ben Lawers, Mr. II. C. Cooper. 
Ben Lomond, Mr. W. Leighton. North coast of Sutherland, at the sea level, 
Dr. Johnston. Rare in Aberdeenshire, Dr. Murray. Moray and Rossliire, 
Rev. G. Gordon. Abundant in the Highlands, rising to situations of 1000 yards 
or more in height, on the Breadalbane mountains, Perthshire. Pretty frequent 
on the hills of Cumberland, as around Borrowdale, Keswick, Derwentwater, &c., 
Mr. H. C. Watson. Near Richmond, Yorkshire, Mr. J. Ward. In wet places 
among sand-hills on the coast of Anglesea, near Aberffraw, and on the coast of 
Lancashire, near Southport, Mr. W. Wilson. Higher parts of the Tees, Mr. J. 
Hogg. Caernarvonshire, Mr. J. E. Bowman. Wyn-ddur, Arddu, Snowdon, 
Mr. C. Bdbington. Capel Curig, Dr. Hoivitt. Llanberris Pass and Nant 
Phrancon, Mr. Watson. Various parts of Ireland, Mr. H. C. Mac/tag. 
Geo. — Sprengel says, only found in Europe at Bremen, Oldenburgh, Silesia, 
Bavaria, and Switzerland. In Canada and New Hampshire, in America, ac- 
cording to Pursh, who says the American is smaller than the English plant. 
5.— LYCOPODIUM ALPINUM. 
SAVINE-LEAVED CLUB-MOSS. 
(Plate 8, fig. 5.) 
Cha. — S tem procumbent, branches fascicled, flat at top. Leaves 
and scales in four rows. 
Syn. — Lycopodium alpinum of almost all botanists. — Lycopodium sabinse- 
folium, Pursh. — Lepidotis alpina, Beauv. 
Fig. — E. B. 234. — Flo. Dan. 79.— Dill. Mus. 58, /. 2. 
Des. — Roots scattered, long, with stout, branched, downy fibres. 
Stem 2 to 4 feet in length, creeping quite close to the ground, very 
rigid, irregularly leafy. Branches alternate, set along the stem at 
uncertain intervals, in an upright, rigid, close or fan-shaped fascicle, 
level at the top. Leaves blunt, oblong, imbricated in four rows, 
rather convex. Spikes terminating all the older branches, erect, an 
inch or less in length, and compact. Scales pointed, broad at the 
base, tapering upwards, with waved edges, sometimes with two or 
three teeth, flatter and less rigid than the leaves. 
Vir. — According to Sir W. J. Hooker it is used to dye woollen cloths of a 
yellow color. 
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