50 Gen. Sub. 
I. GENERAL SUBJECTS. 
The living worms (in a glass) were placed for 30 mins. — two hours in a 
freezing mixture at -f- 3 — to — 5° C, and thereafter gradually warmed. 
Among the results were — frequent polyspermy, the chromosomes were 
altered in number and disposition, not unfrequently only one polar body 
was formed, in one case six centrosomata were seen in an ovum, and so 
on; Sala (447). 
Spina bifida, &c. ; Kollmann (296). 
8. Reproduction, Sex, and Heredity. 
a. Reproduction and Sex. 
Nussbaum (380), Weismann (536). 
First differentia tion of reproductive and somatic cells in sponges ; 
Maas (330). 
Dissogony ; Chun (99). 
Polymorphism, neo taenia, &c., in Termite societies. The reserve sexual 
forms are fed, both as larvae and after, from salivary secretion only, a 
nutritive diet which probably hastens the rapid development of the repro- 
ductive system ; Gkassi & Sandias (188). 
Reproduction of Wasps: In Vespa germanica, the workers lay partheno- 
genetic ova, which develop into males. Abundant nutrition favours tho 
(parthenogenetic) fertility of workers ; Marchal (336). 
Regeneration : Summary and bibliography ; Barfurtii (22, 23) : of 
germinal layers ; Barfurth (24). — As to regeneration in general, see 
Roux (434-436), Weismann (536). See Experimental Embryology. 
Some details as to regeneration in Ophryotrocha : thus the further 
forward the cells, the less their regenerative power. After injury, rege- 
neration begins at the part nearest the tail end, and progresses centripe- 
tally; Braem (57). 
Telegony : citation of facts ; Finn (159). 
Breeding in and in ; Baillet (14). 
Consanguinity : It is the more avoided the higher the type. Verte- 
brates and insects practice “topographical exogamy.” The result of 
self -fertilisation may be higher than those of cross-fertilisation. Cross- 
fortilisatiou is related to tho necessity for wide distributional range ; 
Regnault (414). 
Role of males and females in evolution of Mammals. Suggestion that 
brood-pouch and mammary glands were first acquired by the males ; 
Haacke (204). 
Origin of sex ; Mann (335). 
Sexes of larvae of Smerinthus populi. Out of 193, 68 female and 59 
male pupae were hatched. No support given to the opinion that the sex 
can be determined by external conditions during larval life. The larger 
female larvae require more food, and with a minimum of food tend to 
starve first. Favouring conditions must be distinguished from deter- 
mining conditions ; Poulton (405). 
