Bek. 1 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
BY 
F. A. Bather. 
CONTENTS. 
Introduction 1 
I— Titles 3 
II. — Biology. 
A. Evolution 
31 
B. Morphology. 
(i.) Anatomy . . . 
31 
(ii.) Variation . . . 
35 
(iii.) Secondary Sex- 
ual Characters 
37 
C. Physiology 
37 
D. Bionomics 
37 
E. Miscellaneous .... 
40 
F. Auxology 
40 
III. — Distribution. 
a. Geographical .... 43 
B. Geological 46 
IV. — Systematic. 
a. Echinoderma, gene- 
ral 51 
B. Holothuroidea ... 52 
C. Echinoidea 56 
D. Asteroidea 79 
E. Ophiuroidea .... 87 
p. Crinoidea 91 
G. Cystidea 106 
H. Blastoidea 106 
INTRODUCTION. 
I. Titles. — The total of 288 includes 54 from literature published 
before 1892, 102 from publications of 1892,* and 134 representing the 
work of 1893. The list is still incomplete, since many publications 
anterior to 1894, and known to contain Echinoderm literature, had not 
arrived at any library in London so late as September, 1894. 
Under each title, references have been given to all Abstracts and 
Reviews of any importance that were known to the Recorder. Refe- 
rences are also given to all Abstracts and Reviews of Echinoderm litera- 
ture that were published in 1893. Such references are under the names 
of the authors of the papers reviewed, but are not numbered in the 
series. 
Most of the titles are followed by certain figures in square brackets. 
These refer to the various divisions of the Subject- and Systematic 
Indices. For instance, under title (6) the following — [II, B, ii, a : 
D, ii ; iv : F, iv, b. Ill, A. IY, D.] informs the reader that references 
* The Record for 1892 was admittedly incomplete. 
