2 Ech. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
to this paper will be found first in Division II. — Biology, Subheading — 
Morphology, ii subject — variation, a, special case — in form; then under 
Subheading— Bionomics, subjects, ii — special habits, and iv— feeding; next 
under Subheading — Auxology, iv — Asteroidea, b — brepliic stages. 
Secondly, in Division III. — Distribution, Subheading A— Geographical. 
Thirdly, in Division IY. — Systematic, Subheading D — Asteroidea. Thus 
the contents of a paper can easily be discovered. References to the 
systematic index are only given when new genera and species are 
described or alterations made in nomenclature. 
II. Biology. — The Index under this head is as complete as lies in the 
Recorder’s power. For example : it is believed that every case of 
deviation from the normal symmetry mentioned in this mass of literature 
will be found indexed on pp. 35, 36. Other modes of variation have been 
as carefully attended to, and the same principle has governed all the rest 
of the index. 
The Section F, which in previous Records bore the subheading 
Embryology, now includes all phases' of the Life-history, from the 
first formation of the gonads to the death of the individual. It is there- 
fore necessary to adopt for its subheading the previously proposed term 
Auxology. 
III. Distribution. — In the Geographical Index the order is from 
N. to S. down the Atlantic, then round Australia, northwards through 
the Malay Archipelago and adjacent seas, and then from S. to N. up the 
Pacific. 
IY. Systematic.— This Index is complete, with certain exceptions 
noted in List of Titles. Reference to this Index, in combination with 
the cross-references to other sections given under Titles, will put the 
student on the track of everything said about any particular species in 
all the 288 papers here recorded. 
This Index contains 31 G new species, distributed as follows : — Holo- 
thuroidea , 27 ; Echinoidea , 124 ; Asteroidea , 38 ; Ophiuroidea , 9 ; 
Crinoidea , 106 ; Cystidea ) 4 ; Blastoidea i 8. There are also many new 
genera and new varieties, and, especially among Holotliurians, an 
appalling number of nomina nuda. 
A very large proportion of the new species of Echinoidea come from 
the Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks of France, while the bulk of the new 
species of Crinoidea are, as usual, furnished by the Carboniferous rocks 
of North America. 
This list of new species is most probably imperfect; but those authors, 
at any rate, have no right to complain who either decline to indicate 
which of their species are new ( e.g ., British Museum Catalogues), or 
obscure the fact by affixing to the name of the species their own name or 
that of a friend, often with a wrong date ( e.g. t many French writers), or 
who describe species as “ n. sp.” which have already been described 
months before (e.<?., Dr. Hartlaub). On this point read what the Recorder 
for Insecta says on his page 3. 
Throughout the record, the Recorder has merely taken facts and names 
