36 Ech. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
(c) In colour : — Echinus angulosus ; Meissner (181) p. 184. — Ophio - 
glypha affinis and Ophioscolex glacialis ; Grieg (106) pp. 7 & 27. — 
Antedon sp. (p. 43), Synapta sp. (p. 241) ; Kent (135). — Albino, Actino- 
metra pectinata\ Hartlaub (113) p. 107. — White, yellow, red, and blue in 
an Asteroid ; Field (82) p. 84. 
(d) Meristic variation : — (1) Variation from pentamerous symmetry, — 
In Plicatocrinus and Tetracrinus ; Jaekel (125) pp. 628, 640, & 646. — Four 
radii: Goniodiscus sanderi ; Meissner (179) p. 185: Astericus verrucu- 
latus ; Martens (172) : Hemiaster ; Cotteau (39) p. 540 : Tristoman- 
thus elegans ; Bittner (21) p. 354. — Four and six-rayed Pentaceros 
turritus ; Studer (256) p. 256 : Archaster typicus ; Martens (171) p. 183. 
— Six radii : Echinolampas ovalis ; Cotteau (42) p. 740 : Asterias glaci- 
alis ; Robertson (223) : Echinaster purpureus ; Martens (171) pp. 183 
& 184 : Ophiactis jlexuosa ; Studer (256) p. 55. 
(2) Reduplication or absence of parts, — In apical system of Ophioglypha 
nodosa ; Grieg (105) p. 6. — Absence of anterior costal, and modifica- 
tions in apex of Holaster latissimus j Lambert (145) p. 91. — In anal plates 
of Arhacia ; Meissner (181) p. 184. — Four anal plates in three speci- 
mens of Parasalenia gratiosa ; Meissner (182). — Two subanal plates in 
Salenia petalifera ; Schlueter (236) p. 161. — In distribution of water- 
pores in an Echinoid ( Discoules peroni ), showing the slight classificatory 
value of this character ; Lambert (145) p. 83. — Two madreporites, in 
Echinaster eridanella ; Loriol (154) p. 391 : in Linchia multi/oris ; 
Meissner (179) p. 185. — - Ambulacral pores, 8 pairs in one arc, i nStrongy- 
locentrotus droebachiensis ; Buckley in Herdman (120). — Double genital 
pores in Cidaris perornata ) C. sceptrif era, and Arbacia punctulata ; water- 
pores in interambulacrum (2 of Loven) ; Janet (128). — In pinnules of 
Actinometra stelligera ; Hartlaub (113) p. 104. — In brachials and joints 
of Antedon macronema, Actinometra regalis , A. coppingeri, A. parvicirra, 
A. jimbriata, and A. typica ; Hartlaub (113). — In brachials of Antedon 
patida (p. 341), in cirri of Antedon longicirra (p. 339) ; Bell (17). — In 
length of column in individuals of Glyptocrinus ; Dyciie (72). 
(e) Abnormalities : — Development of a second crown of tentacles on the 
left side of a Cucumaria planci, due (?) to abnormal regeneration ; also 
two fused individuals of Pseudocucumis acicula ; Ludwig (155). — 
Ciliated calcareous body in genital tube of male Cucumaria pentactes ; 
Tops ent (263). — Abnormal fasciole in Hemiaster prunella ; Cotteau 
(42) p. 737. — Instances of monstrosity in Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea, and 
classification of same ; Ganong (91) p. 52. — Abnormal tentaculiferous 
larvae of Antedon (p. 266); variation in number and shape of calyx-plates 
in Antedon larva, when kept in an aquarium (p. 223) ; Seeliger (241). — 
Abnormal structure of cup in Cyathocrinus visbycensis (p. 130), of C. 
ramosus (p. 150); Bather (11). — Supernumerary disk and modified ambu- 
lacral groove in Antedon ; Chadwick (31). — Arms without ambulacral 
groove in Actinometra pectinata ; Hartlaub (113) p. 107. 
