BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, BIONOMICS. 
JEch . 37 
(iii) Secondary Sexual Characters. 
All quoted from Studer (256). 
Sexual dimorphism in Semiaster cavernosus and Cidaris membranipora 
(p. 143), in Pentaceros turritus (p. 256). 
Colour different in the two sexes in Ophiothrix petersi (p. 25). 
Brood-pouches in Ophioglypha hexactis and Ophiacantha vivipara (pp. 
143 & 144). — Protection of ova in ambulacra, II emiaster cavernosus, Arbacia 
aiternan$ x ( p. 281), and Cidaris membranipora (p. 142). — Protection of ova 
by attachment of sea-weed to body, Ilipponoe variegata (p. 235). 
(C.) PHYSIOLOGY. 
(i) General : — Echinoderma ; Griffiths (107). 
(ii) Haemal & water- vascular : — The functions of the so-called 
excretory dorsal organ or ovoid gland in Echinoids discussed ; LEiroLDT 
(148) p. 614. — “Heart” has excretory function in Asteroidea ; Jourdain 
(120). — Relations of ambulacral and haemal systems to one another and 
to external water ; Perrier (213) p. 818. 
(iii) Respiration : — by a bladder-like membrane in Diadema setosa ; 
Kent( 135) p.43.— Echinochrome, its chemical composition and functions; 
Griffiths (108). 
(iv) Digestion ; — Action of amoebocytes and glandular epithelium in 
Asterias glacialis ; Chapeaux (32). — Amoebocytes, phagocytic action ; 
Cuenot (54) p. xi. — Secretive and absorbent activity of epithelium of 
alimentary canal in Echinoderms ; Frknzel (88).— Stones size of peas in 
gut of Pentaceros turritus ; Studer (256) p. 256. 
Yellow cells of connective tissue as food reserves; Jourdan (130). 
(v) Miscellanea Acrid juices of Holothurians; Kent (135) pp. 239 
& 266. — Purple exudation of Holothuria sanguinolenta ; Kent (135) p. 56. 
Functions of arms in Crinoids ; Jaekel (125) p. 679. 
Very slow effect of cocaine on Asterina , Opliiura , and Cucumaria ; 
Danilewsky (63). 
(D.) BIONOMICS. 
(i) General : — Bionomics of living Echinoderms, collected notes ; 
Walther (268) pp. 296-328 — General account ; Marshall (169) and 
Thomson (261). — General and popular ; Lindsay (149). 
(ii) Special habits : — Habits of Cidaris savignyi and Echinometra 
lucunter ; BoUTAN (24) p. 212. 
Gregarious habits of deep-sea Asteroidea ; Alcock (6) p. 75. 
Burrowing of Echinoidea, spines set tight against wash of sea, &c. ; 
Fewkes (80). — Boring habits of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis ; 
Fewkes (79); Ganong (91) p. 57. — Boring into lava, of Echinometra ; 
Studer (256) p. 17. 
(iii) Habitat : — Attached to sea-weed, Antedon macronema (p. 185), on 
stem of gorgonids, Synapta reticulata (p. 192), mud, u shaped like a cherry 
