AUXOLOGY. 
Ech. 41 
(o) Larval stages : — Cleavage of Echinoderm ova compared with that 
of Amphioxus ; WiLSON (273). — Bilateral symmetry of larva indepen- 
dently acquired in the different classes ; Kennel (132) p. 70. — The 
preoral lobe in Echinoderms ; Seeliger (241) p. 409 : as an organ of 
fixation ; Willey (272) p. 331. — Adaptive modifications of the free- 
swimming larval forms contrasted with simple non-swimming larvse ; 
Perrier (213) p. 185. — Comparison of Tornaria of Balanoglossus with 
the Echinoderm larva; Morgan (195) pp. 431-447. 
(f) Tissue-formation : — Development of Mesoblast ; G reenough (101). 
— Formation of stereom by skeletogenous cells in Echinoderma gener- 
ally ; Chun (34) : and in Echinoidea particularly ; Theel (260). 
(ii) HOLOTIIUROIDEA : — (a) Ova : — large in Benthodytes sanguino- 
lenta ; Ludwig (156) p. 180. 
(b) Larval Stages : — Habitat of embryos ; Kent (135) p. 229. 
(c) Tissue-formation : — Growth of spicules, variant methods, in Cucu- 
maria montagui ; Norman (204) p. 472. 
(d) Sonile characters ; — in spicules of Synapia digilata; Mauenzkller 
( 164) p. 18. 
(iii) ECHINOIDEA : — (a) Formation of Gonads : — Spermatogenesis ; 
Pictet (218). — Early development and structure of ovum in Sphcere- 
chinus ; Schneider (237) p. 46. 
(b) Larval stages : — Maturation, impregnation and segmentation of 
ovum, development of blastula, cells with plasmatic processes and 
sensory (?) cilia, of gastrula, formation of mesenchyme (with general 
discussion), the formation of calcareous deposits, development of pluteus 
and of young urchin, especially of spines, sphaeridia and teeth, and of 
dorsal plate from rod of pluteus; Theel (260). — Segmentation in 
Echinus microtuberculatus, and teratological development of archenteron 
and mesoblast ; Penard (210). — Normal development of skeleton in 
pluteus of Sphcerechinus ; Herbst (118) p. 194. 
(c) Brephic and Neanic stages : — of EcJunocyamus ajjinis, Coptosoma 
pellati , Circopeltis baicherei, Arachniopleurus arenatus ; Cotteau (44) : 
of Ecliinothrix desori (p.362), Asthenosoma varium (p.364), Salmacis rari- 
spina (p. 370), Laganum depressum (p. 375) ; Loriol (154): of Diplopodia 
renevieri (p. 61), and stages of growth in Holaster lutissimus (p. 91) ; 
Lambert (145) : of Micraster gauthieri. compared with adult ; Parent 
( 206) p. 13. 
(iv) ASTEROIDEA : — (a) Larval stages and origin of organs:— 
Development of dorsal organ, genital organs, described in Asterina 
gibbosa , and compared with Amphiura squamata ; Macbride (161). — 
Segmentation, origin of mesenchyme, mesoderm, and vaso-peritoneal 
vesicle in Asterias glacialis, compared with other Echinoderms ; Russo 
(229) p. 125. — Development of Bipinnaria in Asterias glacialis ; Russo 
(229) p. 131. 
(b) Brephic stages : — of Nymphaster florifer , Zoroaster angulatus , Z. 
carinatus ; Alcock (6) pp. 94, 105 & 107. — Blood-vascular system in 
young Asterias rubens ; Chadwick (30). 
