DISTRIBUTION. 
Ech. 43 
III.— DISTRIBUTION. 
A.— GEOGRAPHICAL. 
(i) General. 
Geographical and bathymetric distribution of living Echinoderma, with 
lists of species, giving range in depth ; Walther (268) pp. 296-328. 
Comparison of deep-water Echini in Panamic and Caribbean districts ; 
Agassiz, ( 3) p. 80. 
(ii) Atlantic. 
(a) North : (1) Arctic Europe, — Spitzbergen, Ctenodisctis , Asterias 
glacialis, Ophiurids, Strongylocenlrotus droebachiensis, Echinus norvegicus ; 
Couteaud (51) p. 150. 
(2) Scandinavian Waters, — Norway, Trondhjem Fjords; Nordgaard 
( 201) : simple list of species of all classes ; Norman (203) pp. 346 & 
349. — Bergen Fjords, names of species ; AppellOf (8). — W. coast of 
Norway, list of Echinoderms dredged in July 1891 ; Buckley in Herd- 
man (120). 
Oyster-banks of Schleswig-Holstein and Helgoland, lists of Echino- 
derms ; Moebius (191). — Detailed distribution of Echinoderms in Katte- 
gat, and comparison with adjacent seas; Petersen (216). — Danish 
Ophiuroidea ; Fjelstrup (84) pp. 21-30. 
Baltic, eastern, Asteracanthion r-ubens , Ophioglypha albida ; Kojevni- 
kov (143) pp. 141 & 154. 
(3) British area, — Horizontal, vertical, and topographical distribution 
of Echinoderms ; Bell (16) pp. 175-187 ; for special distribution of 
species, see under names of species in body of same work. 
Moray Firth, Asteroidca ; Scott (240). — Coast of Scotland, Astronyx 
loveni, details and causes of distribution ; Smith (251).— Firth of Forth, 
Scott (238). 
Plymouth ; Garstang (92). 
Channel Is., list of Echinoideci ; Sinel in Sharp (242) p. 64. — Pasde- 
Calais, various Echinoderms; Hallez (112) p. 278. 
(4) Main Ocean, — List of Crinoids and Echinoids as far as lat. 42° 
N. ; Danielssen (61, 62): Ophiuroidea ; Grieg (106). — Greenland, 
W. Coast, and Labrador, Ophiurids ; Grieg (105). — North Atlantic, 
coast of Spain, and Azores, Holothurians, especially Holothuria trertiula , 
H. verrilli, Stichopus regalis , Pseudostichopus occultatus, Cucumaria abys- 
sorum, G . montagui , Thyone inermis , Synapta digitata at 150 metres, and 
Chiridota abyssicola , n. sp., at 2870 metres ; Marenzeller (164). — 
Concarneau, Cucumaria koelliheri ; Marenzeller (167). — Localities of 
Holothurians dredged by the “ Hirondelle ” ; Marenzeller (163) : of 
Asteroidea ; Guerne (110).— New Brunswick, Asterias forbesi, Molpadia 
turgida , and Chirodota tigillum, added to list ; Ganong (91). — Sargasso 
Sea, larvae of littoral Asteroids, apparently thirty days old, found 1000 
sea-miles from E. coast of Atlantic, and 3000 from W. coast, whence they 
probably came ; Hensen (115) p. 25. 
