24 Venn. 
XV. VERMES. 
8. Respiratory Organs. 
Gill slits of Enteropneusta ; Spengel, (231) pp. 548-562. 
Branchiae of Polychaets, their nature, and functions other than 
respiratory in certain species ; Buchanan, (52) pp. 443-448. 
9. Organs of Uncertain Function. 
“ Rectal diverticula ” of Sipunculas shown to be in connection with a 
system of lacunae in the walls of the rectum ; Shipley (222). Branchia- 
like structures on a Polynoid ; Buchanan (52). “ Dorsal ciliated 
orgau ,” probably the morphological equivalent of a gonaduct ; Good- 
rich (99). “Septal glands ’* of Enchytraeids shown to secrete an 
adhesive material and to open eventually into the pharynx ; Hesse 
(116). Glands of post-genital segments in Euchytraeids ; Hesse (116). 
Laurer’s canal of endoparasitic.Trematodes ; Goto (100), Looss (155), 
both agree in homologisiug it with the vitello-intestinal canal of the 
ectoparasitic forms ; but while Goto homologises it also with the blind 
sheaths of Amphilina , and maintains that it is unrepresented in multi- 
segmented Cestodes, Looss regards it as equivalent to the uterus of 
Cestodes. Goto would homologise the uterus of Cestodes with that of 
Amphilina , and with the vagina of ectoparasitic and the sheath of 
endoparasitic Trematodes. Billet (19) describes the canal of Laurer 
opening to the exterior in Distomum sineuse. A pair of spherical, 
rhythmically contracting organs described in Bilhurzia , lying in the 
excretory system ; Brock (47). 
Organs of uncertain function in Nematodes, pharyngeal glauds, &c. ; 
Hamann(109): dorsal organ of D ip log at ter ; Cobb (67). 
10. Nervous System. 
Nervous system of Enteropneusta ; Spengel, (231) pp. 590-612: of 
Sylluls ; Malaquin (162). 
Sensory nerves of Polychaets ; Retzius (215). Vesicular tissue of 
nerve-cord of Siyalion and head- and ventral-shield of Lopadorhynchus 
compared to notochord of Arnphioxus ; Lwoff (159). 
Primitive character of nervous system of Caryophyllceus\ Will (2G3). 
Demonstration of peripheral ganglion cells by methylene blue method 
in Distomum (2 spp.) ; Brandes (40), Sciiuberg (218): and of the con- 
nection of their processes with muscle cells ; Brandes. Sciiuberg 
describes similar ganglion cells in the parenchyrae. Walter (253) regards 
certain large cells often thought to be ganglionic in the parenchyme as 
really only stages in development of the parenchyme. Nervous system 
of Nemertines ; Burger (55, 57): of Turbellarians ; Pereyaslawzewa, 
(193) pp. 37-56. 
