8 Gcel. 
XVI. CCELENTERATA. 
diminution in the amount of food producing a hermaphrodite and then 
a male condition. 
Gunther (34) gives a preliminary account of the anatomy of the 
freshwater Medusa ( Limnocnida ) from Lake Tanganyika, illustrated by 
two plates. Until the life-history is known more thoroughly, the zoo- 
logical position of the genus must remain doubtful, but it shows 
affinities with both the Lepto- and Anthomedusce. 
Heider (39) gives an interesting account of the anatomy of the 
curious parasitic Ctenophore Gastrodes , previously discovered by Korot- 
neff in 1888. 
Hickson (41) gives an account of the early stages in the develop- 
ment of Dhtichopora , together with a summary of the early stagos in 
the development of other Coelenterates, and discusses briefly the “ dela- 
mination,” “ invagination,” and other theories of Coelenterate develop- 
ment. 
Nagel (6) gives an account of his investigations on the physiology of 
the senses of Beroe , and calls attention to the great sensitivity of the skin 
in this genus. 
Chapeaux (23, 24) gives an account of his investigations on the diges- 
tion of the Coelenterates. He finds that when one removes an 
Adamsia from the water, and attempts to remove it from the shell on 
which it is parasitic, it emits a fluid which contains a number of refracting 
vacuoles, which, when broken, are distinctly more alkaline than sea- water. 
This fluid does not, however, affect starch, but is capable of attacking 
albuminoids and changing them chemically. It is also capable of emul- 
sifying fats much more rapidly than ordinary sea- water, but does not 
change them chemically. This liquid is undoubtedly secreted by the 
mesenterial filaments. Intra-cellular digestion also occurs. In the 
transparent nutritive zooids of Apolemia uvana and Diphyes acuminata , 
diatoms, grains of carmine may be seen to undergo disintegration in the 
endoderm cells. Particles of fibrin are seized by these cells and digested, 
but the extra-cellular ferment has no effect upon hydrocarbons. When 
emulsified olive oil is injected into the Apolemia , some globules are taken 
up and changed chemically, but others are rejected. 
SCYPHOZOA. 
Bigelow (13) states that in the Medusa Polyclonia there is a sexual 
dimorphism due to an especial adaptation in the female for the protection 
of the eggs. In the adult females the oral funnels have disappeared from 
the disc, while the oral vesicles have increased in number until they are 
closely crowded together and completely cover it. The vesicles on the 
oral disc serve to protect the eggs, those on the arms to capture food. 
Hornell (44) calls attention to the malformed colletocystophores in 
Lucernarians observed at Jersey, this organ bearing in many cases a ten- 
tacle like outgrowth at its apex. 
