MORPHOLOGY. 
Ooel. 9 
Hornell (45) & Hurst (48) arrive independently at the conclusion 
that the Scypkomedusce are degenerate. Hurst (48) summarises his con- 
clusions as follows : — 
1. That Haliclystus is a degenerate or arrested Scyphistoma. 
2. That its marginal bodies are arrested rudiments vestiges) of 
tentaculocysts. 
3. That Lucernarta is a still further modified (“degenerate”) 
descendant of some free-swimming Medusa of one or more 
species. 
Hurst (46, 47) comes to the conclusion that the so-called “ auditory 
organs,” i.e., “ tentaculocysts,” “ octocysts,” &c., of the Ccelentercita and 
other invertebrates cannot be sensitive to vibrations of sound, but they are 
rather of the nature of “ touch ” organs. 
Gqette (31) finds that the larva of Pelagia possesses, before the begin- 
ning of the formation of ephyrse, nearly all the most essential parts of the 
organisation of a Scyphistoma , and lacks only the attached habit and 
the organs connected with it. The origin of the sexual cells is not 
purely endodermal, as some of the gastric pouches are formed from 
ectoderm. 
Anthozoa. 
Oarlgren (19) states that in the Edwardsiee and Edwardsioides there 
are only 16 tentacles in two cycles of 8. In tbe Edwardsiella type there are 
8 tentacles in tho first cycle, but they stand inside instead of outside the ten- 
tacles of the second cycles. The tentacles of the second cycle are 12 in 
number. Besides this there are tentacles of a third cycle more or less 
incomplete. In the Milne- Edwardsida ? the tentacles are arranged in 
four cycles, 6-6-12-24, and on a hexactinian plan. There is a full 
description of Milne-Edvjardsia carnea , = Edwardsia carnea (Gosse). 
Car LG ren (20) finds two forms of brood chamber in the Actiniae . In 
the one case they may be simply the intermesenterial chambers or 
coelenteric cavity, in the other ectodermic invaginations of the body- 
wall. The former occurred in four examples of a Paractid and a Bunodid, 
probably a Tealia. 
In the same species as the last occurred the chambers formed by ecto- 
dermic invagination. They have no communication with the coelenteron, 
and must consequently be filled from outside. 
According to Carlgren (21), the siphonoglyphe of the Gerianthea is 
dorsal, and not ventral as it is in Alcyonaria. 
Bourne (14), in his account of the post-embryonic development of 
Eungia, uses the following terms : — He calls the individual Caryophyllia- 
like form developed directly from the ovum a “ trophozooid.” From this 
there may arise one or more buds, or u anthoblasts.” When two or more 
anthoblasts unite to form a colony they are called “ anthocormus.” 
“ Anthocyathus ” is the name given to the discoid Fungia form, whether 
free or attached, and “ anthocaulus ” to the pedicle which carries the 
anthocyathus. 
