CALCAREA, HEXACTINELLIDA. 
Spong. 15 
IV.— SYSTEMATIC. 
A. Phylogeny. 
Dendy, (13) p. 250, illustrates the relationship of the Calcarea Iletero - 
ccela by a phylogenetic tree. 
Schulze, (42) p. 546, expresses the relationship of the genera of the 
Hy alone matidce by a phylogenetic tree. 
Yon Lendenfeld, (24) p. 90, illustrates the relationship of the Tetractin- 
ellida by a phylogenetic tree. 
b. Classification. 
Rauff (40) proposes a complete classification of Sponges. 
Von Lendenfeld, (24) p. 180, gives a revised classification of the 
Tetractinellida. 
Topsent (58) proposes a new classification of the Monaxonida , giving 
that of the Halichondrina more in detail. 
c. Descriptive. 
1. CALCAREA. 
Lelapia australis , redescribed ; Dendy, Q. J. Micr. Sci. (n.s.), No. 142, 
pp. 127-142, pi. xiii. 
2a. HEXACTINELLIDA. 
Hyalonema clavigerum , F. E. Sch., p. 571, globus, F. E. Sch., p. 572, 
cebuense , Higgin, p. 573, thomsoni, W-. Marshall, p. 574, poculum , 
F. E. Sch., p. 574, conus , F. E. Sch., p. 575, lusitanicum , Barb, du 
Bocage, p. 576, divergens, F. E. Sch., p. 576, robustum, F. E. Sch., 
p. 577, tenerum, F. E. Sch., p. 577, gracile, F. E. Sch., p. 578, elegans , 
F. E. Sch., p. 579, kenti, 0. Schmidt, p. 579, depression , F. E. Sch , 
p. 580, apertum, F. E. Sch., p. 581, sieboldi, Gray, p. 582, toxeres , 
Wyv.-Thomson, p. 583, acuferum , F. E. Sch., p. 583, redescribed ; 
Schulze, SB. Ak. Berlin, 1893, hft. 30. 
H. cupressiferum , Pacific, lat. 0° 33' S., long. 151° 34' W., depth 4438 
metres, p. 568, fruticosum, Philippines, Luzon, depth 1922 metres, 
p. 570, Schulze, SB. Ak. Berlin, 1893, hft. 30, n. spp. 
Pheronema annex, Leidy, p. 561, carpenteri , Wyv.-Thomson, p. 562, gigan- 
teum, F. E. Sch., p. 563, grayi , Sav. Kent, p. 564, hemisphcericum , 
Gray, p. 565, globosum , F. E. Sch., p. 565, redescribed; Schulze, SB. 
Ak. Berlin, 1893, hft. 30. 
Poliopogon amadou , Wyv.-Thompson, gigas , F. E. Sch., redescribed \ 
Schulze, SB. Ak. Berlin, 1893, hft. 30, p. 567. 
Semperella schultzei, Semper, redescribed ; Schulze, SB. Ak. Berlin, 1893, 
hft. 30, p. 584. 
