PROTOPLASM AND THE CELL. 
Gen. Sub. 45 
5. Protoplasm and the Cell. 
a. Protoplasm. 
Recent researches on protoplasm ; Weiss (564). 
Energy of living protoplasm; Loew (317). — Chemical characteristics 
of protoplasm ; Wendt (568). — Structure of protoplasm ; two kinds of 
spheroidal solid elements — smaller granules in a network, larger proto- 
meres in the meshes, the cell-sap around all ; Trinciiese (540). 
General discussion of protoplasm ; Danilewsky (110). 
Fundamental substance of protoplasm ; Danilewsky (111). 
Further researches on foam and vacuolar structure ; Butschli (77) 
— Minchin’s Translation of work on microscopic foams and protoplasm ; 
BOtsciili (76). — Limits of dividing egg- protoplasm ; Loer (314). 
b. Cell Structure and Physiology. 
Lectures on the cell ; Bergh (33).— French translation by Julin of 
Hertwig’s Text-book ; Hertwig (234). — Nature of cell organisation ; 
Watase (559). — Biology of the cell ; Vejdovsky (545). — Structure of 
cell : combines views of Heidenhain, Reinke, and Altmann. Nucleus 
shows chromatin framework (with oxychromatin, cyanophilous granula- 
tions, &c.), and nuclear sap or paralinin (with achromatin granulations = 
Altmanri’s) ; Sciilater (494). — Fragments of cellular biology ; Kunst- 
ler (287). 
Arrangement of different cell- types as terms in a developmental series; 
Hacker (212). 
Difference between karyokinesis in rudiments of gonads and that in 
vegetative tissue ; ELecker (213). 
Inadequacy of the cellular theory of development. In the so called 
mesenchyme tissue of Elasmobranch embryos the separate cells have no 
existence : Sedgwick (503). — Inadequacy of cell theory ; Whitman 
(572a). 
Contributions to granula-theory ; Metzner (347). 
Physiology of the cell ; Yejdoysky (545). — Cell physiology; Heiden- 
hain (227). — Nutrition, &c., of cell ; Gautier (179-182). 
Relations of nucleus and cytoplasm. The activity of the protoplasm 
depends on oxygen, the nucleus is more independent. The function of a 
cell is the combination of numerous converging functions, among which 
there is a sort of mutualism ; Demoor (117, 118). 
Giant cells (Megacaryocytes), of bone medulla, with large single 
nucleus, multiple central corpuscles in groups, differentiation of plasma 
in layers. Probable function of Megacaryocytes : to absorb albuminoid 
material, act upon it specifically, and return it to blood plasm. Multiple 
central corpuscles in groups in Megacaryocytes. In one case 135 were 
counted ; Heidenhain (226). 
