EVOLUTION. 
Gen . Sub. 67 
Parasitic mimicry ; Giard (189). 
Seasonal dimorphism and polymorphism; Fritze (173). 
Special discussion of castes in social insects : The sterility of the 
workers is not due to poor nourishment, but to the presence in the egg, 
owing to selection, of the primary constituents of a rudimentary ovary, 
as well as those of a perfect one, the former undergoing development 
when the young larva is less richly nourished : Weismann (562). 
Evolution of worker-caste in ants : Origin of workers depends on a 
special capacity of the germ-plasm to react to qualitative and quantitative 
differences of nutrition which hasten development of jaws and brain, but 
retard wings and gonads. What is transmitted is a capacity of the 
germ-plasm to react to given conditions ; Emery (141). 
Polymorphism of ants expresses phylogenetic germinal variations fixed 
by natural selection ; nutrition and other such influences may act as 
stimuli, not as efficient causes ; Forel (164). 
Neuter insects and Lamarckism ; Ball (16). — Neuter insects and 
Darwinism ; Cunningham (107). 
Social insects ; Riley (454). 
Castes among Termites ; Grassi & Sandias (198). 
Convergence and poecilogony in insects ; Giard (188). 
Origin of cave animals : General view that heredity of acquired charac- 
ters (optic atrophy, &c., from disease) was in the beginning the general 
rule among the cave animals, but the congenital occurrence of blindness 
and its persistence is also allowed ; Packard (403). 
Peculiarities of subterranean Crustaceans ; Chilton (91). 
Instincts of insects : Budding of Metazoa ; Emery (142). 
Detailed discussion of evolution of nautiloid shell ; Hyatt 
(254). 
Useful illustration of a method : The musculature moving the tongue 
has its origin in musculature whose primary function is to compress 
glands ; Gegenbaur (183). 
Ancestry of Vertebrates: “ The proximate ancestor of the Vertebrates 
— a free-swimming animal intermediate in organisation between an 
Ascidian tadpole and Amphioxus , possessing the dorsal mouth, hypo- 
physis, and restricted notochord of the former, and the myotomes, 
coslomic epithelium, and straight alimentary canal of the latter. The 
ultimate or primordial ancestor — a worm-like animal whose organisation 
was approximately on a level with that of the bilateral ancestors of the 
Echinoderms” ; Willey (578). 
Phylogeny of the Chordata ; Garstang (177). 
Phylogeny of Protists ; Haeckel (210). 
Possible evolution of the eye ; Leniiossek (304). 
Evolution of the tongue ; Gegenbaur (183). 
Evolution of the Cheiropterygium; Emery (143), Gegenbaur (184) 
Evolution of striped muscle-fibres; Maurer (339). 
Poisonous auimals and their action ; Linstow (308). 
