XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
;2 Ech 
accessible before the work was closed. The Recorder has also been 
unable to see, as yet, the three papers (138, 142, 277) that were the only 
ones unseen in the Record for 1893. There is good reason to believe 
that many publications anterior to 1895, and containing Echinoderm 
literature, remain unrecorded. These facts alone are enough to show the 
impossibility of preparing a complete Record for any one year, under 
the present system. 
Under each title, references are given to such Abstracts and Reviews 
as seem of importance to the student of Echinoderms. References are 
also given to similar Abstracts and Reviews published in 1894, but deal- 
ing with previously recorded literature. Such are entered under the 
name of the authors reviewed, and are neither numbered in the series nor 
indexed. 
The figures in square brackets that follow each title are cross- 
references to the divisions of the Subject- and Systematic Indices. For 
instance, [II, B, ii, d, 1] informs the reader that a reference to the paper 
will be found in Division II, BIOLOGY ; Section (B), Morphology ; 
Subject (ii) Variation ; Special case (d), Meristic variation ; (1) Varia- 
tion from pentamerous symmetry. References to the Systematic Index 
(IV) are only given when new genera and species .are described or 
alterations made in nomenclature. By this system, those who wish to 
learn the contents of a paper can easily do so ; while those who do not 
wish such information can pass by without complaint. 
II. BIOLOGY. This Index has been drawn up on the same lines as 
last year, and for the present it has been thought advisable to employ the 
same catch-numerals to number the respective subjects. Since there is 
much less biological work to record this year, several of these catch- 
numerals are absent. It is hoped that the apparent inconsequence thus 
introduced will help those who use consecutive volumes for a special 
point, and will not puzzle those jyho refer tp a single volume. 
III. DISTRIBUTION. The small number of items in this Index, as 
compared with last year, has enabled a change to be made in the arrange- 
ment of Section A, Geographical Distribution. It is unfortunate that 
neither the Star-fish and Sea-urchins themselves' nor the people that 
dredge for them, will limit their range to the areas of the text-book. 
IV. SYSTEMATIC. This index is complete, with certain exceptions 
noted in List of Titles. Used in combination with the above- 
mentioned cross-references, it will put the student on the track of every- 
thing said about any species that has been alluded to in the year’s 
literature. 
This Index contains 240 new species, and 26 new genera, distributed 
as follows: — Ilolothurioidea, ge nera 7, species 32; Echinoidea , genera 2, 
species 60 ; Asteroidea , genera 12, species 63 ; Ophiuroidea, genera 1, 
species 21; Crinoidea , genera 2, species 56; Cystidea , genera 2, species 8. 
There are also many new varieties, and the usual nomina nuda. 
The new Ilolothurioidea are mostly from E. Central Pacific ; the new 
