XVII, SPONGIiE. 
6 JSpong. 
48. Vosmaer, G. G. J. I'etractinellidce of Naples. J. R. Micr. Soc. 
1894, p. 691. Abstract of paper in Tijdschr. Nederland. Dierk. Ver. 
(2) iv, pp. 269-286. [See Zool. Rec. 1893.] 
49. Walther, J. Einleitung in die Geologieals historische YVissenschaft. 
2 Theil. Die Lebensweise der Meeresthiere. Beobachtungen uber 
das Leben der geologisch wichtigen Thiere. Jena (G. Fischer) : 
1893, 8 vo, pp. 199-530. 
Spongite , pp. 245-266. 
50. Weltner, W. Spongien. In : Beitrage zur Fauna der siidostlichen 
und ostlichen Nordsee. Ber. Komm. deutsch. Meere (N.F.) i, 
pp. 325-328. 
51. . Spongillenstudien. jii. Katalog und Yerbreitung der bekann- 
teu Susswasserschwamme. Arch. Naturg. 1895, i, pp. 114-144. 
12 new species. 
52. Wilson, H. Y. Observations on the gemmule and egg development 
of Marine sponges. J. Morphol. ix, No. 3, pp. 277-406, pis. xiv-xxv. 
Abstracts in Zool. Anz. (Lit.) xviii, p. 4, and in Amer. Natural, 
xxix, pp. 64 & 65. 
1 new genus, 3 new species. 
53. 0 . [Embryology of Par if era.’] Amer. Natural, xxyiii, pp. 439- 
441, Abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. 1894, p. 461. 
II. — MORPHOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, 
and GENERAL. 
a. Anatomy, Histology, and General. 
Yon Lendenfeld (25), speaking of boring Sponges, shows that at 
least three species of them may occur in the free, solid form, viz., Papil- 
lella subereciy 0. S., Vioa viridis > 0. S., aud Bowerbank’s llaphyrus 
(= Cliona). He further says that he accepts Vosmaer’s proposal to 
change 0. Schmidt’s Papillina into Papillella ; that Cliona dissimilis , 
Ridley and Pendy, is probably synonymous with P. suberea , Q. S., and 
that Papillina nigricans , 0. S., Cliona sub u lata, Sollas, Vioa carter i, 
Ridley, Cliona caribbea , Carter, and Osculina poly atom ella, 0. S., are all 
synonymous with Vioa viridis t 0. S, 
Von Lendenfeld (26) gives a resume of recent investigations on the 
epithelia of Sponges. 
Topsent (46) gives an account of the structure of Tetractinellida in 
general, aud of those of France in detail. For the list of the described 
forms, see under “ Systematic.” 
B. Emuryology. 
Yon Lendenfeld (24) makes some critical remarks on the develop- 
ment of Oscarella. 
