2 Moll. 
VII. MOJiLUSCA. 
has sacrificed Aplysia to Tethys , and Bulimus to Slrophockeilus. The 
author writes that, owing to delay in issuing Part 60 of Series I, and 
Part 36 of Series II, several new names in these bear the date 1894 
instead of 1895. Simroth (57) has completed Abtheilung I. of his new 
edition of the Molluscan portion of Bronn’s celebrated work in a 
manner every way worthy of that standard production, and if only the 
parts were published more rapidly, little would be left to desire. 
Cooke’s Manual (87) deserves mention for the innumerable minor facts 
about the Mollusca there collected together, and for the admirable new 
illustrations. Taylor (433) has published another part of his monograph 
of British non-marine Mollusca. 
A mauual of comparative palajoconchology has been begun by 
Cossmann (92) which is of very great interest, and when completed will 
form a most important work. It is prefaced by some remarks of a 
general nature, in which the author gives due prominence to the value of 
the protoconch in Gastropoda as an aid for classification and a guide to 
the phylogeny of the species and genera. 
Amongst faunistic papers, that by Dr. Crosse (103) on the non-marine 
Mollusca of New Caledonia is especially valuablo ; it concludes with 
some general remarks on geographical distribution. Quadras & 
Moellendorff (342) have concluded their description of new Philippine 
land Mollusca ; whilst Pilsbry’s Catalogue of the Mollusks of Japan 
(322), collected by Mr. F. Stearns, who is also the publisher, is an 
extremely valuable production. Some 500 more species, including 40 
new ones, are here added to the fauna of this interesting country. 
The phylogenetic relations of Spirula have been determined by Dr. 
Pelseneer, in the report by Huxley & Prlseneer (206), to be with 
the CEgopsids ; Spirula must have descended from a Belemnite-like form, 
without rostrum. 
Dr. Pelseneer’s monograph on Opistliobranchs (313) contains some 
very important researches, and treats of the inter-relationships of the 
members of that group, and their affinities with the Pulmonata and the 
Gastropoda generally. He considers Siphouaria belongs to the Pulmo- 
nata. 
Gilchrist (152) points out that the organs lost in the torsion of the 
Gastropod body are not regained in the Opisthobranchs which have under- 
gone secondary detorsion. 
Bernard’s most valuable preliminary paper (25) on the development 
and morphology of the shells, more especially the hinge, of Pelecypoda, 
takes up a much-neglected branch of study, and one that will have 
important bearings on classification. He shows that the ligament is 
originally internal and not external, and that its growth exercises a 
marked influence on the position of the umborics in the adult. His final 
conclusions will bo lookod for with great interest. 
Dall’s (104) proposed new classification of the Pelecypoda commands 
attention on account of the eminence of its author. It differs in some 
respects from the preliminary scheme which he put forward in 1889^ 
