Ech. 1 
XIY. ECHINODERMA. 
BY 
F. A. Bather. 
CONTENTS. 
Page 
Introduction 
. 1 
I. — Titles ..... . 
. 4 
II. — Biology. 
a. Evolution . . . 
. 22 
B. Morphology. 
(i.) Anatomy. . 
. 22 
(ii.) Variation . 
. 23 
C. Physiology . . . 
. 24 
d. Bionomics . . . 
. 24 
E. Miscellaneous . . 
. 25 
f. Auxology . . . 
. 26 
Page 
III. — Distribution. 
a. Geographical ... 28 
B. Geological .... 30 
IY. — Systematic. 
a. Echinoderma, gene- 
ral 33 
B. Holothurioidea . . 34 
c. Echinoidea ... 36 
D. Asteroidea ... 49 
E. Ophiuroidea ... 56 
F. Crinoidea .... 58 
G. Cystidea .... 69 
H. Blastoidea. ... 69 
INTRODUCTION. 
I. TITLES. In the Introduction to last year’s Record, it was said, 
u There is good reason to believe that many publications anterior to 1895, 
and containing Echinoderm literature, remain unrecorded.” This is con- 
firmed by the inclusion in the present list of 41 such papers ; viz., 1 from 
1890, 3 from 1892, 9 from 1893, and 28 from 1894. The literature of 
1895 has so far yielded 138 papers dealing with Echinoderma ; more will 
doubtless be found when editors and publishers choose to send the 
volumes containing them to this country. From 1896, two papers are 
recorded, since it was not until the work had been done that proof of 
their true date was obtained. This makes a total of 181 books and 
papers of which the titles are given, and that the list is not more 
incomplete is largely due to the kindness of authors. 
Of the works here recorded, 5 have not been seen by the Recorder, 
1895 . [vol. xxxii.] e 26 
