28 Ech, 
XIV, BCmNODEEMA, 
body-measurements, and arm -lengths of larva of Toxopneustes lividus ; 
Vernon (163). — Extrusion of cytoplasm of ovum of Arbacia , due to 
reduction of salinity, and resulting in double embryos ; Loeb (86). — 
Effect of alkali blue on developing T. lividus ; Eismond (35). — Increase 
of salinity with species above-mentioned j Reinke (137a), 
III. DISTRIBUTION. 
A.— GEOGRAPHICAL. 
(i) General. 
Summary of our knowledge of distribution of Echinoderma ; Ort- 
mann (128) p. 91. — General bathymetric and geographic distribution of 
Echinoderma dredged by “ Challenger ” ; Bather, Sladen, Tiieel (9), 
and Murray (125 ).— Echinoderma of the Plankton ; Haeckel (51).— 
List of Holothurioidea in Amsterdam Museum, chiefly from Indian Archi- 
pelago, also Arctic, Mediterranean and American coast ; Sluiter (152). 
— List of Echinoidea in Amsterdam Museum, especially Indian Archi- 
pelago and Arctic ; Sluiter (151). 
(ii) Atlantic and adjacent seas. 
Maximum depths of Echinoidea dredged by “ Travailleur,” “ Talisman,” 
“Blake,” “Challenger,” and “ Porcupine” ; Bernard (10) p. 208. 
Atlantic proper, — Echinus melo does not occur as is supposed ; Koeh- 
ler (75) p. 335. 
Fjords of Iceland, — Hoi., Ech., Ast., Oph. ; Lundbeck (93) pp. 172 
176. — Norway, fjords near Bergen, annotated list of Echinoderma ; 
Grieg (49).— Herlofjord, list of Echinoderma , with some account of 
bottom ; AppellOf (2). 
Scotland, W. coast, — Ast., Oph., Hoi., Ech., dredged, esp. Echinocyamus 
“ among shore species ” ; Smith (153). — E. coast, Smith’s Bank, Echinus 
acutus ; Sim (149). 
Irish Sea, distribution of Echinoderma and other animals, in relation to 
depth and bottom ; Herdman (55). 
English Channel, Plymouth, list of Echinoderma ; Sumner (156). — 
Normandy coast, Ast. and Oph. collected ; Gadeau de Kerville (42) 
p. 80. — Coast of Netherlands, list of Echinoderma ; Horst (63). 
Baltic, — Hohwachter Bucht, S.W. part of Kieler Bucht, Ophioglypha 
albida, Astracanthion rubens ; Reh(137) p. 243. — Faeno Sound, N.W. end 
of Little Belt, Ast., Ech., Oph. ; Petersen (133) pp. 29 & 33. 
Mediterranean, — Eastern, list of 44 spp., with discussion of bathy- 
metric distribution, especially Stolasterias neglecta, Brisinga coronata , 
und Ophioglypha carnea ; Marenzeller (104) pp. 123 & 144 : see also 
(100). — Luidia sarsi occurs ; Koehler (75) p. 317 : but this has long 
been known ; Ludwig (92). — Golfe du Lion, neighbourhood of Banyuls, 
vzonal distribution of Echinoderma ; Pruvot (135). 
