48 
THE OCEAN WORLD. 
covered Spitsbergen, which was again seen by Hendrich Hudson, n't 0 
sailed up to and beyond the eighty-second parallel. Three years laW 
Hudson gave his name to the great Labrador Bay, but he could get 
farther. His crew also revolted, and he was left in the ship’s Luiud 1 
with his son, seven sailors, and the carpenter, who remained faithf^ 1 
Thus perished one of our greatest navigators. 
The Island of Jan Mayen was discovered in 1611 ; tl 
which Baffin took for a bay, and which bears his name, was 
in 1610. Behring discovered, in his first voyage in 1727, the strai 
which separates Siberia from America; he sailed through it in 174W 
but his ship was stranded, and he himself died of scorbutic disease. 
In the year 1771 the Polar Sea was discovered by Hearne, a f ,lf 
merchant ; it was explored long after by Mackenzie. 
From the year 1810, when Sir John Boss, Franklin, and Pal' 1 ' 
turned their attention to the Arctic regions, these expeditions to ^ 
Polar Seas rapidly succeeded each other. In 1827 Parry reached tb fi 
eighty-second degree of north latitude; and in 181b Sir John Frankly 
with the ships Erebus and Terror, and their crews, departed on the ,f 
last voyage, from which neither he nor his companions ever return^' 
There is now no doubt that they perished miserably, after having 
covered the north-west passage, which Captain M‘Clure also discover^’ 
coming from the opposite direction, in 1850. In 1855 the expediti 0 " 
of Hr. Elisha Kane found the sea open from the Pole. 
.e chanH® 
discover 0 * 
The Antarctic Pole had in the meantime attracted the attention (1 
navigators. In 1772 the Dutch captain, Kerguelen, discovered pl! 
island which he took for a continent. In 1774 Captain Cook exploit 
these regions up to the seventy-first degree of latitude. James Wed<F-| 
in a small whaler, sailed past this parallel in 1823. Biseoe discover 1 
Enderby’s Land in 1831. The Zelee and Astrolabe, under ^ 
command of Captain Dumont D’Urville, of the French Marine, sl1 ' 
the American expedition, under Captain Wilkes, reached the si^ 
region in 1838. The former discovered Adelia’s Land. Finally 1,1 
1841, Sir James Clarke Boss, nephew of Sir John Boss, with ^ 
Erebus and Terror, penetrated up to the seventy-eighth degree so'yj 
latitude. Here he discovered the volcanic islands which he na^ 
after his ships, and, farther to the south, a new continent or land, wb 1 ^ 
he called Victoria’s Land. 
