202 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
CHAP. XXXII. 
Of Shellfish in general . — The Crustaceous Kind — The 
Lobster — The spiny Lobster — The Cra b — The Land- 
crab — The Violet Crab — The Soldier Crab — The Tor- 
toise — The Land Tortoise — The Turtle — Of Testa- 
ceous Fish. — Of the turbinated, or Snail Kind — The 
Garden Snail — The Fresh-water Snail — The Sea Snail 
— The Nautilus — Of kivalved Fish — The Oyster — 
The Cockle — The Scollop — The Razor Fish — Of Pearls, 
and the Fishery— Of multi valve Shell Fish — The Sea 
Urchin — The Pholades. 
There are two classes of' animals, inhabiting the water, 
which commonly receive the name of lishes, entirely dif- 
ferent from those we have been describing, and also very 
distinct from each other. These are divided by naturalists 
into Crustaceous and Testaceous animals : both, totally un- 
like fishes in appearance, seem to invert the order of nature; 
and as those have their bones on the inside, and their mus- 
cles hung upon them for the purposes of life and motion, 
these, on the contrary, have all their bony parts on the out- 
side, and all their muscles within. Not to talk mysteriously 
— all who have seen a lobster or an oyster, perceive that the 
shell in these bears a strong analogy to the bones of other 
animals; and that, by these shells, the animal is sustained 
and defended. 
Crustaceous fish, such as the crab and lobster, have a 
shell not quite of a stony hardness, but rather resembling a 
firm crust, and in some measure capable of yielding. Testa- 
ceous fishes, such as the oyster or cockle, are furnished with 
a shell of a stony hardness ; very brittle, and incapable of 
yielding. Of the crustaceous kinds are the lobster, the crab, 
and the tortoise : of the testaceous, that numerous tribe of 
oysters, muscles, cockles, and sea snails, which offer with 
infinite variety. 
The Lobster. However different in figure the lobstet 
and the crab may seem, their manners and conformation are 
nearly the same. With all the voracious appetites of fishes, 
they are condemned to lead an insect life at the bottom of the 
water ; and though pressed by continual hunger, they are 
often obliged to wait till accident brings them their prey- 
