NATURAL HISTORY 
38 2 
XVIII. POLYADELPHIA. — The orders of these three classes are 
founded on the number of Stamina in each brotherhood, or distinct 
set of Stamina. The titles of the orders being the same that are 
used for the titles of the early classes of the system, the explanation 
need not be repeated here. 
CLASS XIX. SYNGENESIA. — To understand the orders of 
this class, we must explain what is meant by polygamy in flowers. 
We have already treated of Polygamous plants, and shewn that the 
term Polygamous, as there applied, alluded to the intercommuni- 
cation of the male or female flowers with the hermaphrodite ones, 
either upon the same, or a distinct plant : but in respect to flowers, 
the term is applied to a single flower only ; for the flowers of this 
class being compound, a polygamy arises from the intercommuni- 
cation of the several florets in one and the same flower. Now' the 
polygamy of flow'ers, in this sense of the word, affords four cases, 
which are the foundations of the four first orders of this class. 1st 
order, polygamia sequalis, equal polygamy, is when all the florets 
are hermaphrodite. 2nd order, polygamia superflua, superfluous 
polygamy, when some of the florets are hermaphrodite, and others 
female only ; for in this case, as the fructification is perfected in the 
hermaphrodites, the addition of the females is a superfluity. 3rd 
order, polygamia frustranea, frustraneous, or ineffectual poly grimy, 
when some of the florets are hermaphrodite, and others neuter ; for 
in this case the addition of the neuters is of no assistance to the 
fructification. 4tli order, polygamia nccessaria, necessary poly- 
gamy, when some of the florets are male, and the rest female ; for 
in this case there being no hermaphrodites, the polygamy arising 
from the composition of the florets of different sexes is necessary’ to 
perfect the fructification. 5th order, polygamia segregate The 
title signifies to be separated, the plants of this order having par- 
tial cups growing out of the common calyx, which surround and 
divide the flosculi or florets. Gth order, Monogamia : the title 
signifies a single marriage, and is opposed to the Polygamia of the 
four other orders ; for in this, though the antheiie are united, 
which is the essential character of the flowers of this class, the 
flower is simple, and not compounded of many florets, as in the 
other orders. 
CLASS XX. GYNANDUIA. — The orders of this class are 
founded on the number of Stamina. The titles have been already 
explained. 
CLASS XXL MONOECIA. XXII. DIOECIA.— These two 
classes, whose flowers have no fixed character but that of not being 
hermaphrodite, take in the characters of almost every other class ; 
and the orders have accordingly been disposed under the titles of 
those classes, to which their respective flow’ers would have belonged, 
if the stamina and pistillum had been under the same covers. As 
the explanation of all these titles has been given in the last chapter, 
in the explanation of the classes, it need not be repeated here. 
CLASS XXIII. POLYGAMIA.— In this class the titles of the 
two first orders are the same with the titles of the twenty-first and 
