8 Mamm. 
MAMMALIA. 
Kollman, J. Handskelett und Hyperdaktylie. Yerh. Ges. Basel, viii, 
pp. 604-62G, pi. viii. 
The author concludes that the traces of a prepollex and prehallux 
observed in many Mammals are truly atavistic, and not pathological 
features. The term “ Theromorphism ” is suggested for theso rudiments 
when they occur in man. 
Kukenthal, W. Ueber die Anpassung von Saugethieren an das Leben 
im Wasser. Zool. Jahrb. Abth. f. Syst. v, pp. 373-399. 
The author traces the modifications induced in the structure of those 
Mammals which are of aquatic habits by this mode of life. It is con- 
sidered that all aquatic Mammals are derived from land forms, and that 
their full adaptation to an aquatic existence depends partly on the extent 
to which they are aquatic, and partly on the length of time since they 
have adopted this mode of life. Particular attention is directed to the 
Cetacea ; and it is held that their alleged direct descent from aquatic 
reptiles is totally untenable. The origin of “ hyperphalangism ” is 
accounted for by the development and subsequent separation of double 
epiphyses to the phalangeals. Attention is directed to the difference in 
the form of the pectoral limb in the Odontoceti and Mystacoceti ; and 
from the generalised type of carpus in the former it is argued that these 
two groups, are of dual origin, [See also Cetacea .] 
Kulczcki, W. [See Equidce. J 
Langkavel, B. [See Bovidce.] 
Lataste, F. [See Rodentia.'] 
Leche, W. [See Marsupialia.'] 
Leidy, J. [See Caviidce, Elephantidce , Equidce , and Rhinocerotidce.'] 
Lemoine, Y. Etude sur les Rapports des Mammiferes de la Faune 
Cernaysienne et des Mammiferes Cretaces d’Amerique. Bull. Soc. 
Geol. (3) xviii, pp. 321-324, pi. iii ; also C.R. cx, pp. 480-482. 
The author points out the close resemblance between teeth from the 
Cernaysien beds of Rheims described by himself, and those from the 
Laramie Cretaceous described by Marsh. It is considered that some of 
those described by the latter, as Halodon and Didelphodon , are inseparable 
from Plesiadapis ; Cimolestes is approximated to Tricuspiodon ; some of 
the teeth described as Didelphodon , Pediomys , and Halodon , are com- 
pared with those of Adapisorex ; while others, such as Cimolomys , Cimo- 
lodon , and Tripriodon, are regarded as closely allied to Neoplagiaulax. 
. Sur PAge relatif des Mammiferes de Cernay, par rapport aux 
Yertebres du m£me groupe decouverts en Europe et en Amerique. 
T. c. pp. 219-223. 
Another paper on the same subject. 
. Considerations General es sur les Yertebres Fossiles des Environs 
de Reims, et specialement sur les Mammiferes de la Faune Cernay- 
sienne. C.R. Congres Internat. Zool. 1889, pp. 233-279, woodcuts. 
A third contribution to the same subject. 
