LIST OF PUBLICATIONS, ANATOMY, ETC. Spong. 9 
Weber, Max. Spongillidce des Indischen Archipels. Zool. Ergebnisse 
einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, Heft. 1, pp. 30-47, 1 pi. 
4 new species described. 
Whitelegge, Thomas. List of the Marine and Freshwater Inverte- 
brate Fauna of Port Jackson and the Neighbourhood. J. R. Soc. 
N.S.W. xxiii, pt. 2 (1889), pp. 163-323. 
Sponges, pp. 178-187. 
Woolman, Lewis. Marine aud Freshwater Diatoms and Sponge Spicules 
from the Delaware River Clays of Philadelphia. P. Ac. Philad. 1890, 
pt. 2 (April-Sept.), pp. 189-191. 
Many of the spicules were “ of the pin-head forms characteristic of salt 
water.” 
Zykoff. (1) Einiges fiber die Spongilliden der Umgegend von Moskau. 
Zool. Anz. xiii (1890). No. 342. 
. (2) Notice sur les Spongillides des Environs de Moscow. Bull. 
Mosc. 1890, No. 1, pp. 170-172. 
Occurrence of Spongilla lacustris , Carter, and Ephydatia fluviatilis , 
auct., in the neighbourhood of Moscow. 
ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, 
AND PHYLOGENY. 
CiiaTin has studied the cell nucleus in Leucosolenia coriacea , A scandra 
variabilis , Sycandra ciliata , Pencillaria mammillaris , and Microciona 
armata. The shape of the nucleus varies, but it is rarely branched. 
The nuclear membrane is often very visible. The interior of the nucleus 
is formed of a plasmatic substance, in which the nuclein is arranged 
either in fragments or in filaments aggregated towards the border of the 
nucleus, or in irregularly scattered nucleoli. In its morph ographic char- 
acter the Sponge nucleus resembles that of Protozoa . 
Dendy (1) describes the anatomy of a number of Chalinine Sponges, 
and points out this family is interesting — (1) because they afford excel- 
lent illustrations of the great variability in external form to which 
Sponges living in shallow water, or comparatively shallow water, are 
subject ; and (2) because they illustrate in a very striking way the 
manner in which the siliceous spicules gradually degenerate, and ulti- 
mately vanish as the horny skeleton becomes more and more strongly 
developed. Hence, it is impossible to draw a sharp line of distinction 
between Chalinince and the so-called Keratosa. 
Dendy (2) asserts, against Yon Lendenfeld, the existence of “ Sollas’s 
membrane,” which he could easily distinguish in Stelospongus flabelli- 
formis, Carter. The author then disputes Polejaeff’s view, that the idea 
of a close relationship between Keratosa and Homorhaphidce, esp, Chalinince , 
must be abandoned, and that the horny Sponges are a paleontologically 
ancient group. In the genus Siphonochalina there is a well marked 
