14 Moll 
MOLLUSCA. 
pp. 1-98, pis., and that of Chiton siculus (Gray) incidentally by the same 
author in Arb. z. Inst. Wien, v. pt. 1. 
A. ROcker describes the formation of the radula of Helix pomatia. 
He comes to the conclusion that the radular membrane takes its origin in 
a cluster of cells whose hinder ends are within the sheath of the radula, 
but that the teeth themselves are separately formed, each by a chitinous 
secretion issuing from two contiguous distinct cells. The radular mem- 
brane always remains connected with the subradular (the elastic plate of 
Huxley), and its progressive advancement is caused by the feeble but 
continual traction of the muscular mass in the furrow of the radula. 
Ber. oberhess. Ges. xxii. pp. 209-299, pi. iii. ; abstract in JB. mal. Ges. x. 
p. 390. 
D. Baufurtii has examined the different cells in the liver of the Mol- 
lusca } and distinguishes ferment-cells, liver- cells, and lime-cells (Kalk- 
zellen) ; ho thinks that the latter contain phosphate of calcium, and 
represent a store of calcareous, matter to be consumed in the further 
growth of the shell : Arch. mikr. Anat. xxii. p. 473 et seq. J. Frenzel 
thinks it by no means proved that the so-called liver-cells have the 
same chemical effect as the liver-cells of the Vertehrata ; and shows 
by chemical experiments that the so-called lime-cells contain no phos- 
phate of calcium : Biol. Centralbl. iii. pp. 323-327. 
In a later communication, Barfurth states that glycogen is found in 
the liver of land snails only some time after they have taken nourish- 
ment, first in the cells of the intermediate substance (Zwischensubstanz), 
later, and after abundant food, also in the liver- and ferment-cells ; 
it makes its appearance about seventeen hours after feeding, and dis- 
appears entirely after one to three days of fast. Zool. Anz. 1883. 
pp. 652-655. 
E. Bonardi discusses the power of the saliva in land shells to trans- 
form starch into sugar, and the functions of the liver of the same ; Boll, 
scient. iii. pp. 83-86. 
The presence of free sulphuric acid in the salivary glands of Dolium 
galea is, also confirmed by It. Maly, SB. Ak. Wien, lxxxi. Abth. 2 [1880] 
pp. 376-385 [omitted from Zool. Rec. xvii.]. 
3 . Circulation . 
B. Haller describes the heart of Fissurella and Ilaliotis ; its muscle- 
fibrillae are ramified, but not transversely striated; Morph. JB. ix. 
H. Griesbach defends the existence of “ pori aquiferi ” as distinct 
from the openings of glands, and describes anew the communication of 
the ventral furrow in the foot of Mytilus with the internal lacunar blood- 
cavities ; Zool. Anz. 1883, pp. 515-518. J. T. Cattie, however, states that 
he could never find distinct “ pori aquiferi ” in Anodonta ) Mytilus , and 
Area ; 1. c. pp. 561 & 562. 
Critical notes on Griesbach’s paper by J. Carriers, who is inclined to 
deny the reception of water by distinct openings ; Zool. Anz. 1883, 
pp. 250-253. J. Kollmann maintains the existence of open communi- 
cations between the intercellular openings, which contain hsemolymph, 
