GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Moll. 35 
Paleontology of Recent Mollusca. 
Recent terrestrial and fresh -water species in some prseglacial strata of 
Northern Germany observed by K. Keiliiack, JB. geol. Landes-anstalt, 
1882, pp. 139, 169, & 170. 
16 fresh-water and 10 terrestrial species found in alluvial tufa near the 
Netze River, in Posen, enumerated byE. Friedel, Nachr. mal. Ges. 1883, 
p. 187, all recent species. 
J. Bakowsky has made some observations on the land shells fouud in the 
loss of Galicia in his book, “ Glina Dyluwialna we lwowie i ney b lizszej 
okolicy ” (Lemberg : 1881). They are the same species as in Germany. 
84 Post-pliocene species from Lombardy enumerated, and the land shells 
found in a Post-pliocene bed near Stradella discussed ; all belong to 
existing species : N. Pini, Atti Soc. Ital. xxvi. 
JEtlxeria caillaudi, Corbicula fluminalis, Cleopatra bulimoides, and the 
Abyssinian Vnio dembece, found in probably prehistoric deposits of the 
Nile by G. Schweinfurth, and determined by E. v. Martens, SB. nat. 
Fr. 1883, pp. 4-6. 
Loss of China. V. Hilber gives a list of 18 species of land shells 
found in it by v. Loczy and others; 10 of them are still living species, 2 
of which are also very common in the European loss, viz., Pupa mus- 
corum and Succinea oblonga ; the genera Buliminus and Clausilia are en- 
tirely wanting in it, although well represented in the recent fauna of 
China ; but some species of Helix which live on stones and rocks are 
found, for example, Helix pyrrhozona (Phil.). SB. Ak. Wien, lxxxvi. 
Abth. 1, pp. 313 & 325-348, & lxxxviii. Abth. 1, pp. 1386-1389. 
A palaeontological work may be mentioned here exceptionally, viz., 
C. A. White’s “ Review of the Non-marine Fossil Mollusca of North 
America,” in Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. (Washington: 1883, large 8vo, 
144 pp., 32 pis.). The greater part of this work is devoted to Mollusks 
of the Laramie group, between Cretaceous and Tertiary, but the accounts 
and conclusions concerning the then existing systems of rivers and lakes 
have an undeniable importance for understanding the geographical dis- 
tribution of existing fresh-water shells. In this regard, the author sug- 
gests that some tributaries of the present Mississippi system are identical, 
at least in part, with outlets and inlets of the great western Laramie and 
Tertiary lakes, and that what were once separate rivers or minor drainage 
systems, discharging into a northern section of the Mexican Gulf, became 
afterwards united in a common channel during the progressive elevation 
of the continent. This gradual coalescence of the rivers allowed forms 
originally peculiar to circumscribed regions to extend over a large area. 
List of subfossil marine shells found at the Yenisei, and the bathy- 
metrical distribution of the same species in Novaya Zemlya and Norway, 
by A. Stuxberg, in ‘ Yega’ Expeditionens Yetenskapliga Iakttagelser, i. 
pp. 804-810. 
On some Post-pliocene Bivalves from Palermo ; A. de Gregorio, Nat. 
Sicil. iii. pp. 78-80. 
