BRACHIOPODA. 
Moll. 99 
Terebratula vitrea, Terebratulina caput- serpentis, Waldheimia cranium , and 
Rliynchonella psittacea , proved to be unisexual. No communication be- 
tween the ccecal cavities in the mantle-tubules and lacuuse or vessels in 
the mantle itself was found ; the corpuscles in these tubules seemed to 
be for the greater part nuclei belonging to cells that clothe the wall of 
the tubules ; no opening in the periostracum occurred on the tops of the 
coeca. The lacunary system in the body -wall described by Hanley does 
not exist ; he was misled by the aspect of the network of multipolar 
cells. A supra-oesophageal ganglion exists, and gives origin to arm-nerves, 
which are more important than those of the infra-cesophageal ganglion. 
In the nephridian canals, which open with funnel-shaped mouths in the 
body-cavity, eggs were found ; they appear consequently to serve as 
oviducts. Abstracts in Arch. Z. exp6r. (2) i. pp. xxii.-xxiv. ; Ahn. N. H. 
(5) xi. pp. 379-384 ; and J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. pp. 358-360. 
The development of Argiope is the subject of a paper by A. E. Ship- 
ley, who first describes at length the anatomy of the adult, and especially 
the ovaries and the oviducts ; he could not find a male specimen, but has 
no doubt that this genus also is dioecious. The development of the egg 
is described from the stage of blastosphere to that of a three-segmented 
red larva, armed with bristles, and about one-third mm. long ; the colour 
is probably protective, as the larva is often fixed on red corallines. The 
opinions of more recent authors concerning the systematic affinity of the 
Brachiopods to other classes are examined by the author, who denies 
that the so-called segments of the larva have the value of true meta- 
meres, and thinks that they are the result of the formation of the 
shell from the central part of the body, and are not identical with the 
segments of Sagitta or of a Chsotopod. He points out several more 
differences between the structure of a Brachiopod and that of either 
a Polyzoon or a Chsetopod. MT. z. Stat. Neap. iv. pp. 494-520, pis. xxxix* 
& xl. 
Kowalewsky publishes, iu Arch. Z. exper. (2) i. pp. 57-78, a sum- 
mary of his former observations concerning the development of the 
Brachiopoda, giving first a summary of the formation of the larvae of 
Argiope neapolitana, Tliecidium mediterraneum, and 2 species of Tere- 
bratula, and proceeding to discuss the more general questions as to 
their systematic position. Ho points out that the second embryonal 
layer, or loaf (fouillot), has its origin in Argiope and Terebratula by 
invagination of the first, and in Tliecidium by peeling off (dedouble- 
ment) from it ; and insists on the fundamental resemblance of the 
Brachiopoda with the Annelides in development, and suggests that the 
eminences of the subcutaneous gelatinous layer in the Chlorcemea may be 
homologous to the mantle-tubes in the shell in the Brachiopoda. An 
abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. p. G43. 
Brest. 3 species enumerated by Daniel, J. de Conch, xxxi. p. 223. 
Argiope neapolitana (Scacclii) and cuneata (Risso) found at Naples 
and described comparatively ; A. E. Shipley, MT. z. Stat. Neap. iv. 
pp. 494-496. " — 
Argiope capsula (Jeffr.), littoral in Jersey ; Duprey, Ann. N. H. (5) 
xi. p. 186. 
