100 Moll. 
MQLLUgCQIDEA. 
TUNICATA. 
Geographical Distribution. 
M. P. A. Traustedt describes 31 species of simple Ascidians observed 
at Naples; MT. z. Stat. Neap. iv. pp. 448-488, pis. xxxiii.-xxxvii. All 
figured, except Rhodosoma callense (Lac.-Duth.), which the author had no 
opportunity of observing alive. Many are identical with British and 
Norwegian species. 
L. Roule gives a list of the Phallusiidce found on the coast of Pro- 
vence ; C.R. xcvii. pp. 1014-1016. 
R. V. Drasche has published a very valuable work on the Synascidice 
fouud at Rovigno in Istria [title, supra]. 
ASCIDI2E. 
Abstract of Roule’s paper on the anatomy and histology of Ciona in- 
testinalis (L.) in J. R. Micr, Soc. (2) iii. pp. 196-198. 
L. Roule has examined the hypoganglionic gland in some Phallusiidce , 
and thinks that it has no renal function, no trace of urates being found 
in it, but is a mucous gland ; C.R. xcvii. pp. 864-866 ; abstract in J. R. 
Micr. Soc. (2) iii. p. 830. 
The development of the eggs observed in a number of Ascidians, and 
described by A. Sabatier, Rev. Montp. (3) ii. pp. 348-405, 4 pis. ; pre- 
liminary abstract in C.R. xcvi. pp. 799-801. The same observed in some 
Phallusiidce by L. Roule, tom. cit. pp. 1069-1072. Abstracts of both 
papers in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. pp. 356 & 497. 
H. Fol discusses the origin of the cells of the follicle and the ovulum in 
the Ascidians ; C.R. xcvi. p. 1591, and Rec. z. Suisse, i. pp. 91-160. 
A. Sabatier has observed strange alterations in the eggs of some species 
of Phallusia , consisting of the presence of a yellow mass, which seems to 
be composed of splimrocrystals of carbonate of calcium ; and he suggests 
that this is a senile process connected with the cease of sexual activity. 
Rev. Montp. (3) ii. p. 587-595; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. 
p. 831. 
J. S. Kingsley describes the development of Molgula manhattensis. 
The larva, after hatching, is provided with a tail and develops the pro- 
cesses destined for attachment, the number of which is not constant, 
sometimes reaching ten ; the whole development agrees more with that 
of Ascidia ampulloides, as described by Van Beneden, than with that of 
Molgula , described by Lacaze-Dutliiers. P. Bost. Soc. xxi. pp. 441-451, 
pi. ix. 
Herdman’s observations on the individual variations in Ascidians [Zool. 
Rec. xviii. Moll. p. 98] are more fully published in P. Liverp. Soc. 1882, 
12 pp., 2 pis. 
Cynthia dura (Hell.), scutellcita (Hell.), and papillosa (L.) — pyriformis 
(Mull.), Naples; Traustedt, MT. z. Stat. Neap. iv. pp. 472-474, pi. xxxvi. 
figs. 1-4, entire animals ; pi. xxxvii. figs. 1-3, branchial sac. 
