TUNICATA (A8CIDLE, SYNA8CIDI2E) . 
Moll. 101 
Microcosmus vulgaris (Hell.), polymorph us (Hell.), and claudicans 
(Sav.), Naples ; id. 1. c. pp. 475-477, pi. xxxvi. figs. 5-11, entire animals ; 
pi. xxxvii. figs. 4-7, branchial sac. 
Styela plicata (Lesueur) = cuvieri , and phusca (Delle Chiaje) = verru- 
cosa (Phil.) = gyrosa ( Hell.); S. canopoides (Hell.), aggregata (Mull.), 
and rustica (L.), Naples : id. 1. c. pp. 477-481, pis. xxxvi. figs. 12-19, & 
xxxvii. figs. 8, 9, 11, & 12. 
Polycarpa mayeri , sp. n., glomerata (Aid.), and varians (Hell.), Naples; 
id. 1. c. pp. 481-483, pis. xxxvi. figs. 20-25, & xxxvii. figs. 10, 13, & 14. 
Corella parallelogramma (Mull.), Naples ; id. 1. c. p. 452, pi. xxxiii, 
figs. 1 &2, entire animal ; pi. xxxiv. fig. 1, piece of branchial sac. 
Ciona intestinalis (L.) ; id. 1. c. p. 454, pi. xxxiii. figs. 3-5, entire animal ; 
pi. xxxiv. fig. 2, branchial sac ; pi. xxxv. figs. 1 & 2, vibratile organ. 
Phallusia quadrata , oblonga, malaca, pusilla , ingeria , spp. nn., and 
mamillata (Cuv.), mentula (Mull.) = monachus (Cuv.), muricata (Hell.), 
fumigata (Grube), venosa (Miill.), virginea (Miill.), and aspersa (Mull.), the 
last = prunum (Delle Chiaje) = cristata (Grube) = pustulosa and acule- 
ata (Alder), all observed at Naples, described and figured; id. 1. c. 
pp. 455-468, pi. xxxiii. figs. G-23, entire animals ; pi. xxxiv. figs. 3-19, pieces 
of branchial sac ; pi. xxxv. figs. 3-15 & 19-28, vibratile organ. 
Molgula impura (Hell.), appendiculata (Hell.), and occulta (Kupff.), 
Naples ; id. l.c. pp. 469-471, pis. xxxiv. figs. 20-29, & xxxv. figs. 16 & 17. 
8YNA8GIDUE. 
A. Della Yalle finds that the body of the Synascidians, ■when adult, 
consists, as in the true Entcroccelia, of two epithelial sacs, ectodermal and 
endodermal, separated by a cavity occupied by a true enterocoele, which 
opens outwards directly by the cloacal orifice ; all the organs not derived 
directly from the endoderm, as the sexual organs, heart, and muscles, 
arise between the ectoderm and the parietal wall of the coelomic sac. In 
the Didemnidce, the gemmation of a new individual is due to the con- 
nections of two buds, which may be brothers, or mother and daughter, or 
grandmother and granddaughter ; in the Dotryllidaj. one bud is sufficient. 
Arch. Ital. Biol. ii. 1882, pp. 50-72 ; abstract in J. B,. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. 
p. 196 
Ii. v. Drasciie proposos the following classification of the compound . 
Ascidians or Synascidians : — 
Fam. Botryllidai. Visceral sac semilateral; testes and ovaria double, 
on both sides of the branchial sac ; lateral gems and basal pro- 
longations of the ectoderm ; they form systems, and have a 
common tunica. Botryllus (Gartn.), Botrylloides (M. Edw.). 
Fam. Perophoridce. Viscera at the left of the branchial sac ; testes 
follicular around the ovarium; oviduct and vas deferens present; 
basal gemmation ; no systems, no common tunica. Perophora 
(Wiegm.). 
Fam. Clavelinidce. Viscera beneath the branchial sac, genital organs 
within the visceral noose ; testis forming a tubular net- work ; 
