104 Moll . 
MOLLUSCOIDEA. 
olum. The median portion of the cloacal cavity is large, but its dimen- 
sions are still very restricted, compared with those of the pharyngeal sac ; 
its lateral parts are likewise better marked off from the median portion 
than in Doliolum , but very much less developed than in Pyrosoma , and 
only cover a small portion of the pharyngeal sac. The branchia consists, 
as in Doliolum , of a single series of long clefts parallel to the endostyle, 
but is wider than in Doliolum , and in this respect somewhat approaches 
that of Pyrosoma. The vibratile band extends to a great distance on each 
side, and is united behind. The nervous ganglion gives origin to five 
distinct pairs of nerves. Several stages of development of the zooidsare 
described, but even the youngest was completely separated from the 
stolon, and the authors think it probable that they have their origin at 
the end of the endostyle, as in all the other Tunicata , and migrate to the 
stolon, as in Doliolum. There is only one kind of zooids, none of which 
are specially appropriated to the functions of nutrition and respiration ; 
all those of somewhat greater development had either perfectly formed 
ovaries or ramified testes filled with spermatozoids, and their organs of 
digestion and respiration were in complete activity. The asexual form, 
which may be presumed to exist and to produce the stolon, is not yet 
known. J. de l’Anat. Phys. xix. pp. 1-23, with 3 pis ; translated in Ann. 
N. H. (5) xii. pp. 1-19, pis. i.-iii. ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. 
pp. 643 & G44. 
Anchinia. A. Korotneff describes large amoeboid cells found 
copiously in the stolon and its buds, which give origin to new indivi- 
duals by division ; he thinks that they are parthenogenetic eggs, and that 
the whole Anchinia is only a detached piece of an organism resembling 
Doliolum : Zool. Anz. 1883, pp. 483-487. B. Ulianin opposes this inter- 
pretation, and suggests that these cells are blood-corpuscles ; tom. cit. 
pp. 585-591. 
SALPAE. 
S. Trinchese gives a short note on the termination of the muscular 
nerves in Salpa ; Kend. Acc. Nap. 1883, No. 3, March. 
F. Todaro continues his researches on the first stages of development 
in Salpa , stating that the yelk cells are the nutritive and not the for- 
mative material of the egg; Atti Acc. Rom. Trans, vii. pp. 294-297, and 
Arch. Ital. Biol. iii. pp. 361-365 ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. 
pp. 41 & 42. 
W. Salensky has observed the development of several species of 
Salpa , and finds essential differences between them. In some, the egg is 
enveloped by a peculiar duplication of the inner wall of the respiratory 
cavity, which the author names “ Faltenhiille ” (fold-cover), and in the 
same species the epithelial protuberance on which the egg is placed 
transforms itself into the ectoderm and the placenta, the follicle, with 
the gonoblasts and blastomeres, giving origin to the mesodermic organs, 
the intestine, nervous system, and pericardial cavity ; the oviduct dis- 
appears entirely. The author calls this division Salpcv Thecoyoncc ; S. 
