TUNICATA (SALPA5), POLYZOA. 
Moll. 105 
pinncita, africana, punctata , and fusiformis belong to it. In other species, 
S. Gymnogonce , the “ Faltenhiille ” is wanting and partly supplied by the 
epithelial protuberance ; the follicle either gives origin to the placenta, 
in S. democratica, or is transitory, that is to say, disappears wholly 
during the course of the development, as in S. bicaudata ; the oviduct, 
however, remains for some time, either actually taking part in the for- 
mation of the embryo, S. democratica , or serving as an area for its forma- 
tion, as in S . bicaudata. The chief peculiarity of the development in 
Salpa is, that the gonoblasts or cells of the follicle (which are not fecun- 
dated), not only serve as nourishment for the embryo, but also play a 
more important part in its construction than the blastomeres, or fecun- 
dated parts of the egg ; by this circumstance, the development of Salpa 
somewhat approaches an asexual multiplication. The Gymnogonous 
Salpce represent a more primitive grade in this mode of development, 
the Thecogonous a more complicated one. MT. z. Stat. Neap. iv. 
pp. 90-171 & 327-402, 10 pis., and woodcuts ; a short recapitulation of 
the mentioned differences, p. 389. Abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. 
pp. 356-358. 
L. Joliet, having examined very young solitary embryos of Salpa 
democratica, , confirms and completes Kowalewsky’s views on gemmation 
and alternation of generations, against those brought forward by Brooks 
and Todaro. It is true gemmation, but rendered particularly complex by 
the fact that organs already differentiated take part in it, the endoderm, 
the ectoderm, and the mesoderm of the bud being derived from the 
corresponding lamellae of the parent. The solitary form is not a female, 
it does not contain an ovary, nor a hermaphrodite gland, but at the 
utmost the rudiment of such a gland, and may be therefore termed 
“ agamic.” This term may be applied to all forms which are produced 
sexually and possess sexual tissue in potentiality, but are incapable of 
conducting it to the term of its evolution ; such agamic. individuals are 
found in Salpa , Pyrosoma , Doliolum , and in the compound Ascidians. 
The lateral cords in Salpa democratica originate from the muscular 
lamellae of the solitary embryo. C.R. xcvi. pp. 1676-1679, and Ann. 
N. H. (5) xii. pp. 70-72. 
Salpa dolichotoma , sp. n., Todaro, Atti Acc. Rom. Trans, viii. fasc. i. 
p. 41, Naples. 
POLYZOA. 
J. Jullien proposes to arrange the Chilostomatous Polyzoa, in two chief 
divisions : — 
I. Monodermata. Ectocyst simple. 
II. Diplodermata. Ectocyst consisting of two layers, the true ecto- 
cyst and the cryptocyst, which are separated by a solution of 
continuity (hypostegia) ; the orifice of the cryptocyst is called 
by him “ opesia.” 
To the former, belong Eschara foliacea , Lepralia hyalina and coccinea , 
F lustra foliacea, and Cellepora pumicosa ; to the second, Biflustra, Vincu- 
