GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. 
Crust . 5 
Carcinus mcenas, Maia squinado, and Platycarcinus pagurus. All ganglion- 
cells in the cerebroid, thoracic, and abdominal ganglions are unipolar. 
Arch. Z. exper. (2) i. pp. 303-325 & 288, pi. xv. 
The very complex sympathetic nervous system of the Isopods described 
by L. Huet, J. de l’Anat. Phys. xix. pp. 241-376, 4 pis. 
Cardiacal nerve originating from the cerebroid ganglion in Palinurus 
described by F. Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) vii. pp. 55-59. 
Supposed auditory vesicle in the fourth joint of the gnathopods in 
the male of Tanais ; H. Blanc, Zool. Anz. 1883, p. 635. 
Eyes of Limulus. [See infra , in the special part.] 
F. Leydig describes the rudimentary eyes of Cambarus pellucidus 
(Tellk.), in which no pigment or nervous rods (bacilli) and cones could 
be found, and the well-developed olfactory cones and sensitive hairs in 
both antennm of the same, with some critical observations on the sensi- 
tive hairs, &c., of other Crustacea , in “ Untersuchungen zur Anatomie 
und Histologie der Thiere,” Bonn : 1883, 8vo, pp. 36-44, pi. iii. fig. 27. 
The membranaceous cups or calceoli on the antennae of some Amphi- 
pods are described by II. Blanc : they are isolated in the males of 
Gammarus locusta and pulex , but grouped together in both sexes of 
Calliopius Iceviusculus and Amathilla sabinii ; as they are most developed 
in littoral or pelagic species, the author suggests that they may serve the 
function of hearing. Zool. Anz. 1883, pp. 370-372. 
2. Organs of Digestion. 
Large salivary glands found not only in the terrestrial Isopoda , but 
also in the Idoteidce and Cymothoidce ; L. Huet, J. de PAnat. Phys. xix. 
p. 241. 
J. Frenzel has examined the so-called liver of various Decapod and 
Stomapod Crustacea ; he distinguishes in it — (1) Grease-cells (Fett- 
zellen), which are the liver-cells of Weber [see Zool. Rec. xvii. Crust. 
p. 8], and serve for the secretion of grease (fat), but do not contain 
biliary acids or biliary ferments ; (2) Ferment cells, containing a granu- 
lous brown matter which is eventually extracted during passage through 
the intestine, and often also crystals of tyrosine. As the chemical effect 
of both is not that of the gall in the Vertebrata, the author proposes to call 
this gland not liver, but middle-gut gland, or gland of the middle intes- 
tine (mittel-darm-druse). SB. Ak. Berlin, 1883, pp. 1113-1119. 
The same author treats of the same subject, extending his observations 
to various genera of Brachyura, Macrura , and Isopoda, and suggesting 
that the function of this organ may be analogous to that of the pancreas 
in the Vertebrates ; MT. z. Stat. Neap. v. pp. 50-101, pi. iv. 
F. Albert describes at length the hard parts of the stomach of a con- 
siderable number of Macrurous and Anomurons Decajjodxt. He corroborates 
generally the observations made on this subject by Boas [Zool. Rec. xvii. 
Crust, p. 16], and comes to the conclusion that these parts, although not 
yielding valuable matter for the distinction of species, are very impor- 
tant for the systematization of higher groups ; the Sergestidce, for example, 
are proved by them to belong to the Penccidce , as both have a dorsal 
