10 Crust. 
CRUSTACEA., 
7 . Biology. 
E. Graffe has observed that some Crustacea cover themselves with 
algas, sponges, &c., by the aid of hook-shaped hairs on their body ; Boll. 
Soc. Adr. pt. 1, 2 pis. C. P. Sluiter states that he has seen and de- 
scribed the same in 1880 in a species of Chorinus (Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. 
Ind. xi. p. 159) ; Zool. Anz. 1883, p. 99. 
Note on the sickness of crayfishes in the Mietzel, Mark Brandenburg, 
by Max yon dem Borne, Circular des deutschen Fischereivereins, 1883, 
No. 5, pp. 147 & 215. Linstow has found a large number of small oval 
cells, about 0.02 mm. long and 0.013 broad, in all the organs of the 
diseased crayfishes ; op. cit. p. 216. 
F. Hilgendorf states that he could not find any Distoma in diseased 
crayfishes [cf. Zool. Rec. xviii. Crust, p. 20], and calls attention to two 
other parasites of the common crayfish, Psorospermium hcecJceli, sp. n., 
and Branchiobdella ; the latter appears to bite off the tips of the gill 
filaments : SB. nat. Fr. 1883, pp. 179-183. 
Parasitic worms, Nematodes and Trematodes , observed in some Cope- 
pods and Cladocera ; Herrick, Am. Nat. xvii. pp. 386 & 387. 
8 . Abnormities . 
Multiplication of the claws in the common crayfish, Astacus fluviatilis\ 
E. Cantoni, Rend. 1st. Lomb. (2) xvi. pp. 771-776. 
Geographical Distribution. 
1 . Land and Fresh-water Crustacea. 
F. T. Koppen’s paper on the distribution of some species of crayfish 
in Russia; see infra, Astacus. 
Several fresh-water Cymothoidce from the East Indies and Brazil 
described by Schiodte & Meiuert ; see in the special part. 
The occurrence of Apus and Estheria in small pools without communi- 
cation with other waters, the former at Fontainebleau and other localities 
in Northern France, the latter in Algerians mentioned by C. E. Leprieur 
& E. Simon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) iii. pp. cxiv. & cxv. - 
List of 24 species of Cladocera found in the Lake district, and descrip- 
tion of 3 new to England ; C. Beck, J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. pp. 777-784, 
pis. xi. & xii. 
P. Pavesi continues his researches upon the small Crustacea in the 
depths of the lakes in Italy. He describes and figures the little net, 
loaded by weights, which he uses for this purpose, enumerates all the 
lakes searched, and gives a systematic list of 29 species, 18 Cladocera , 2 
Ostracoda } and 9 Copepoda , with their geographical distribution, especi- 
ally mentioning the lakes and depths in which he has observed them ; 
finally, he adds some general considerations corroborating (against Forel) 
his opinion that the truly pelagic forms have continued to exist in these 
lakes from old times, when the lakes were inlets of the sea before the 
