THE GENERAL SUBJECT. 
Ins. 5 
in Ilymenoptera with petiolated abdomen is joined to the thorax, and 
may be recognized by the presence of a pair of spiracles, which have 
no counterpart in the thorax (as usually understood) in other Insects ; 
also the views of Audouin, Burmeister, St. Fargeau, Newman, Haliday, 
Westwood, Newport, Schiodte, Spiuola, Ericlison, Reinhard, Schaum, 
Meinert, Packard, Gerstacker, Lindemaun, Hammond, Weismann, 
Palmen, and Macquart. In the main, Latreille’s observations are con- 
firmed by these writers, though several of them were either unacquainted 
with or have misunderstood them. The views of Latreille and others 
on the structure of Diptcra are also commented on. 
Green, S. On an Easy Method of Preparing Insects for the Micro- 
scopo. J. Quek. Club (2) i. pp. 224-220. (Cf. also Michaol and 
others, tom . cit. pp. 242, 253, & 254.) 
Hagen, H. A. On the Colour and the Pattern of Insects. P. Am. Ac. 
(2) ix. pp. 234-262. 
The writer’s conclusions are as follows : — (1) Some colours of Insects 
can be changed or obliterated by acids. (2) Two natural colours, madder- 
lake and indigo, can be produced artificially by the action of acid on fat 
bodies. (3) As protein bodies in Insects are changed into fat bodies, and 
may be changed by acids contained in Insects into fat acids, the forma- 
tion of colours in the same manner seems probable. (4) Colours can be 
changed by different temperature. (5) The pattern is originated probably 
by a combination of oxygen with the integuments. (6) Mimicry of the 
hypodermal colours may be effected by a kind of photographic process. 
Finally, Hagen says, “ I am convinced that colour and pattern are pro- 
duced by physiological procossos in tho interior of the bodios of Insects.’’ 
(F. Muller points out the insufficiency of Hagen’s view of the me- 
chanical and chemical origin of the colour and pattern of Insects; Kos- 
mos, xii. pp. 466-469.) 
Handleiding voor het verzamelen, bewaren en verzenden van uitlandsche 
Insecten. Tijdschr. Ent. xxvi. pp. xci.-cxxx. (also separate, pp. 42). 
Detailed instructions for the collection and preservation of Insects of 
all orders in foreign countries. 
[Hastings.] Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonards, and the 
Vicinity. First Supplement. Hastings : 1883, 8vo, pp. 53. 
Great part of this work is occupied with lists of Culeoptera, Hymeno- 
ptera , Diptera, Uemiptera , Neuroptei'a, and Trichoptera , and additions and 
corrections to the previously published list of Lepidoptera. 
Keller, 0. Farben und Farbensinn in der Thierwelt. MT. Thurgau. 
Ges. v. [1882] pp. 72-100. 
Includes observations on mimicry and the colour-sense in Insects, as 
well as in other animals. 
Kingsley, J. S. Is the Group Arthropoda a Valid One ? Am. Nat. 
xvii. pp. 1034-1037. 
The writer considers that the Crustacea and Tracheata ought to be 
treated as independent groups. 
