GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. Ech. 3 
Geographical Distribution. 
List of deep-sea Echinoderms ; Norman, Tr. North. Durh. viii. 
pp. 127-129. 
On deep-sea Echinoderms of Atlantic and Mediterranean, see Perrier 
in A. -Milne Edwards’s “ Rapport, &c.,’’ Arch. Miss. sci. (3) ix. [1882] 
63 pp., 2 maps ; pp. 24, 25, & 50-53. 
On Echinoderms of the Cape Yerdo Islands, see De Rochebrune, N. 
Arch. Mus. (2) iv. pp. 321-329. 
For an interesting account of the Ecliinodermata of the Mediterranean, 
see Marion, “ Esquisse d’une topographie zoologique du Golfe de Mar- 
seille,” and “ Considerations sur les faunes profondes de la Mediterrande ” ; 
Ann. Mus. Marseille, i. pts. 1 & 2. 
Echinoderms of the North Sea ; Bell (5). 
The origin of the Echinid fauna of the West Indies is discussed by 
Agassiz (1a). 
Asteroidea of Faroe Channel ; Sladen, Tr. R. Soc. Edinb. xxxii. p. 153. 
Contributions to the International Fisheries Exhibition, 
London, 1883. 
See the Official Catalogue. 
United States of America. Cat. B. Economic Echinoderms exhibited, 
p. 26 (by R. Rathbun). Washington: 1883. Notes on edible forms, p. 17. 
China. “ Starfish ” of Swatow, p. 31 ; of Takow, pp. 65 & 66, of Special 
Catalogue. Shanghai: 1883. 
India. Page 153 (Madras) of Catalogue of the Exhibits in the-Indian 
Section, by F. Day ; p. 175 (Sind). 
New South Wales. Page 38 of Catalogue of, &c., in N. S. W. Court, 
by E. P. Ramsay. London : 1883. 
Sweden. Nordenskiold’s Arctic Echinoderms, p. 95. Dickson’s Collec- 
tion, pp. 97 & 98 (see also Special Catalogue of Dickson’s Collection from 
the Gothenburg Museum, pp. 14 & 15), in Special Catalogue “Sweden.” 
Stockholm : 1883. 
General Morphology of the Group. 
Carpenter (9) has published another part of his “ Notes on Echino- 
derm Morphology,” in which he discusses the views of certain French 
anatomists as to the anatomical relations of the vascular system. The 
results of Koehler are found to disagree with those of Perrier and Apos- 
tolides, but to agree rather with those of Ludwig and Carpenter in the 
assertion of a connection between the so-called heart and the blood- 
vascular system. Carpenter has discovered bipolar cells in the axial cord 
of Pentacrinus , Bathycrinus , and Antedon eschrichti ; the last is a more 
satisfactory subject for anatomical investigation than is A. rosacea , on 
which Perrier’s studies have been based. 
Carpenter (7) believes that basals are not absent from certain Neocri- 
noids, as some observers have supposed. 
1883. [vol. xx.] D 2 
