spongle. 
10 Spong. 
Mauritius . Ectyon mauritianus , Carter, (5). 
Japan. Doderlein (8) gives notes on the fauna of shallow and deep 
water, mentions Siphonochalina papyracea , used in default of true bodies 
of Hyalonema for attaching to the “ glass rope.” The locality where 
Ilyalonema occurs was looked for without success, but a single specimen 
was dredged olf Yogasliima at a depth of 200 fath. 
Ceylon. Stellata globo-stellata , Carter, (2). 
Burma. Tethya ( Tetilla ) merguensis , Carter, (2). 
Australia. Lendenfeld (11) describes Aplysilla violacea, sp.n., jDen- 
drilla rosea , sp. n., D. aerophoba, sp. n., from Australia. Carter (2 & 5) 
describes Stelletta australiensis, S. bacillifera var. robusta, Monanchora 
clathrata , Coscinoderma lanuginosum , Ectyonopsis ramostis, Phakellia ra- 
mosa , Phycopsis hirsuta , Leucophlceus massalis and L. compressus , from 
Australia. 
Tasmania. Phycopsis fruticosa ) Carter, (5). 
FOSSIL SPONGES. 
Anatomy. 
Duniicowski (35) describes the structure of several species of Phare- 
trones from Essen, giving a full account of the characters of their spicules 
and fibre ; the latter he regards as formed by mineral changes after the 
death of the Sponge. Carter (1) also describes the structure of some 
species of Pharetrones. In another paper (34) he states the presence of 
pin-like spicules in Verticillites helvetica and V. anastomosans ; they form 
an incrusting layer, and are stuck in the Sponge with the heads outwards. 
Weltner (32) compares the structure of the covering layer of recent 
and fossil Hexactinellids, and concludes that it is essentially the same 
in both. 
Classification. 
Dunikowski (35) concludes, after a searching investigation, that the 
Pharetrones of Essen are ancient Leucones, and subdivides them into three 
groups, the Palceoleucandridce } Palceoleucaltidce , and Palceoleucortidce. 
Carter, (1) from a further examination of the “ Farringdon Sponges, 
is also led to believe that the Pharetrones are fossil Calcareous Sponges ; 
at the same time, he remains of the opinion that Pharetrospongia was 
originally, as Sollas stated, a siliceous Sponge allied to the Benieridce. A 
new species of Calcisponge is described as closely similar in skeletal 
characters to Sestrostomella. 
New Genera and Species. 
Calcispongl®. 
Dunikowski (35) describes Elasmostoma bitectum } Peronella furcata 
var. ramosissima , Sestrostomella essensis , from the Cenomanian of Essen. 
Sollas (42) describes Lymnorea pygmea , Peronella repens , Thamnonema 
