3 Prot. 
PROTOZOA. 
Cagliari ; A. cattanei , sp. n., marine ; Magosphcera maggii , sp. n. (ceno- 
bium spherical, composed of spherical, unicellular, nucleated, uncoloured 
organisms, flagelliform towards the centre of the sphere, ciliated on 
periphery ; simpler than M. plamtla , lick.), very rare, salt pools, Cagliari, 
April, 1881. 
Physiology. 
Brandt, K. Ueber die morphologische und physiologische Bedeutung 
des Chlorophylls bei Thieren. MT. z. Stat. Neap. iv. p. 191 et seq., 
pis. xix. & xx. 
An important paper, in which Brandt reasserts that where chlorophyll 
is present in animals it is always due to the presence of unicellular Algce 
and is never indigenous, but the animal-hosts may be nourished by the 
assimilation-activity of the A Igce. A list is given of all the recorded cases 
of the occurrence of “ yellow cells ” in animals, the Protozoa being : Fora- 
minifera — Rotalia ?, Orbitolites , Globigerina echinoides — Goscinosphcera 
ciliosa ; Radiolaria — S phcerozoce, Thalassicollce, Peripylce , Monopylce , 
Acanthometridce ; Flagellata — Leptodiscus medusoides ; Ciliata — Vorti- 
cella sp. n. Amongst others, the “ yellow cells” of the following are 
figured : — Vorticella , Globigerina , Thalassicolla nucleata , Collozoum 
inerine , Sphcerozoum neapolitanum , Myxobrachia rhopalum , and sevoral 
Acanthometridce. The Radiolaria appear to be very dependent on their 
guests ; in the Collozoa he found numerous starch granules in the proto- 
plasm of the animal which had been elaborated by the Algce. [Cf. Haeckel 
on the Radiolaria , and Engelmann’s chlorophyllaceous Vorticella.'] 
Engelmann, T. W. Onderz. phys. Lab. Utrecht, iii. pp. 147-169. [0/. 
J. R. Micr. Soc. (2) iii. p. 860.] 
Diffused chlorophyll was demonstrated in a P sp. n. of Vorticella , 
growing on Vaucheria. General remarks are made on chlorophyll in 
Protozoa, and suggestions that the blueish, brownish, violet, and other 
pigments diffused in the ectoplasm of some Infusoria , are chlorophylls, 
analogous to the xanthophyll, cyanophyll, and rhodophyll of Algce. 
Geddes, P. Contributions to the Cell Theory. Zool. Anz. vi. pp. 440 
& 445. 
A suggestive essay on the life cycle of cells, especially that of Protozoa. 
He accepts the “ unity and naturalness of the Protista,” and regards the 
granules ,of an Amoeba as “ aggregation products.” In the granular pseudo- 
podia of a Foraminifer, aggregation is in progress ; in those of the Iielio- 
zoon, not so, 
Hackel, E. On the Orders of the Radiolaria [see Rhizopoda]. 
Hiickel says, “ It is immaterial whether ‘ yellow cells ’ (or 1 zooxan- 
thella ’) are present (in Radiolaria) or not. I found them wanting in 
many cases^ though they are usually present. I therefore agree with 
Cienkowsky, and regard the symbiosis of these unicellular A Igce as an 
accidental and not an essential phenomenon. They are in no way neces- 
sary for the nourishment of the Radiolaria, though they may be important 
agents in the matter.” 
