78 
FERNS. 
[ Lycopodium . 
level at the top. Leaves acute, oblong, imbricated in four rows, 
rather convex. Spikes terminating all the older branches, erect, an 
inch or less in length, and compact. Scales pointed, broad at the 
base, tapering upwards, with waved edges, sometimes with two or 
three teeth, flatter and less rigid than the leaves. 
Vir. — A ccording to Sir W. J. Hooker, it is used to dye woollen cloths of a 
yellow colour. 
Sit. — On the grassy sides of mountains. 
Hab. — At 1000 yards of elevation on Carnedd David, Caernarvonshire, 
probably 1200 yards in Aberdeenshire; also to the summit of Ben Hope, in 
Sutherland, at 1000 yards or thereabouts, where the climate is probably less 
genial than at 1200 yards in Aberdeenshire; to 1150 yards on Ben Nevis, 
and descending to the base of the mountains. Too plentiful on all the mountain 
tracts of Scotland to call for particular localities. On most of the Cumberland 
and Yorkshire mountains, Mr. H. C. Watson. Somerset, Mr. A. Southby. 
Near Todmorden, Lancashire, at a very low elevation (a single root only), Mr. 
W. Wilson . — Ire. : Aghla and Barnesmore mountains, Donegal, Mr. E. Murphy. 
Barnesmoor Mountain, and Mourne Mountain, Mr. Mackay. Brandon Moun- 
tain, Mr. W. Wilson. 
Geo. — All the northern and mountainous part of Europe, as Lapland, Germany, 
Switzerland, Pyrenees, the Tyrol, Sweden, Norway, Russia, &c. Also in Canada 
and Siberia. 
G.— LYCOPODIUM SELAGO. 
FIR CLUB-MOSS. UPRIGHT FIR-MOSS. 
(Plate VIII, fig. 6.) 
Cha. — Stem erect, dichotomously branched, flat at top. Leaves 
iu eight rows. Thecae axillary. 
Syn. — Plananthus selago, Beauv. — Selago vulgaris, Dillw. — Lycopodium 
abietiforme, Gray. — Lycopodium Selago of other botanists. 
Fig. — E. B. 233.— Flo. Dan. W)±.—Dill. Mus. t. 50,/. 1. 
Des. — Root tufted, fibrous. Stems 2 to 6 inches high, growing 
quite erect, one issuing only from the root, and this becoming di- 
vided dichotomously until they form a cluster of from six to ten 
ultimate divisions ; the upper fruitful branches are, however, scarcely 
more than forked. Leaves in eight rows, of a dark, shining green 
colour, crowded, lanceolate, entire, acute, convex on the outer side, 
a little spreading and curved upwards. The fruit is not borne in a 
terminal spike, as in the other species, but in the axils of the 
common leaves, all down the upper part of the stem. Capsules 
large, kidney-shaped, regularly two-valved, opening by a transverse 
fissure, and scattering minute, yellow, globular, smooth spores. 
Tliis plant is likewise viviparous, producing not only capsules of seeds, but 
occasionally also curious petioled buds, which consist of three or four differently- 
sized ovate leaves ; they are irregularly placed in the axils of the common leaves, 
that is, in the place of the capsules. 
