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dary of Etruria, and who probably extended to the west 
along the coast of Southern Gaul as far as the Pyrenees. 
They were distinguished from the Celt?e, not merely by their 
manners and customs, but by their small stature and dark 
hair and eyes, and are stated by Pliny and Strabo to have 
inhabited Spain. They have also left marks of their pre- 
sence in Central Gaul in the name of the Loire (Ligur), and 
possibly in Britain in the obscure name of the Lloegrians. 
Their stature and swarthy complexion, as well as the ancient 
geographical position conterminous with the Iberic popu- 
lation of Gaul and Spain, confirm this conclusion. The 
non-Aryan and probably Basque population of Gaul was 
therefore cut into two portions by a broad band of Celts, 
which crosses the Eastern Pyrenees, and marks the route 
by which the Iberian peninsula was invaded. 
The ancient population of Sardinia is stated by Pausanias 
to be of Libyan extraction, and to bear a strong resemblance 
to the Iberians in physique and in habits of life, while that 
of Corsica is described by Seneca as Ligurian and Iberian. 
The ancient Libyans are represented at the present day by 
the Berber and Kabyle tribes which are, if not identical 
with, at all events cognate with the Basques. We may 
therefore infer that these two islands were formerly occupied 
by this non -Aryan race, as well as the adjacent continents 
of Northern Africa and Southern Europe. 
The Basque Population the Oldest. 
The relative antiquity of these two races in Europe may 
be arrived at by this distribution. The Basques, or Ligu- 
rians, are the oldest inhabitants, in their respective districts, 
known to the historian ; while the Celts appear as invaders, 
pressing southwards and westwards on the populations 
already in possession, fiooding over the Alps, and, under 
Brennus, sacking Borne, and by their union with the van- 
quished in Spain constituting the Celtiberi. We may 
