85 
driven to the south-west. The department of the Meuse 
in the north, and those of Tarn and Arriege, in the south, 
are also sundered from the main body, while those of the 
Upper and Lower Alps present us with the descendants of 
the ancient Ligurian tribes. 
The people with dark-brown hair, considered by Dr. 
Broca to be the result of the intermingling of a dark with a 
fair race, are scattered about through Aquitaine, and occur 
only in two departments in northern Celtica. The fair 
people, on the other hand, are massed in northern Celtica 
and Belgica. 
The relation of complexion to stature may be gathered 
from the following table of exemptions per 1,000 for each 
department : — 
Departements noirs 
98-5 
to 
189 
„ gris fonces 
64 
97 
„ gris clairs 
48-8 
63-8 
„ blancs 
23 
5 ) 
48-5 
From this table it is evident that the swarthy people are 
the smallest and the fair the tallest, the intermediate shades 
being the result of fusion between the two extremes. 
The distribution, therefore, of the small swarthy Basque, 
and tall fair Celtic and Belgic races in* France at the present 
time, corresponds essentially with that which we might have 
expected from the evidence of history. 
When we consider the many invasions of France, and the 
oscillations to and fro of peoples, the persistence of the 
Basque population is very remarkable. It is not a little 
strange that the type should be so slightly altered by inter- 
marriage with the conquering races. 
Researches in Neolithic Caves and Tombs. 
The evidence offered by an appeal to history and ethnology, 
as to the former northern extent of the Basque peoples, is 
confirmed by an examination of the human i*emains in the 
